Danh động từ hoàn thành (having done) luôn ám chỉ một khoảng thời gian trước khi xảy ra hành động trong mệnh đề chính. Nó được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh hành động đã được hoàn tất trong quá khứ. Nó có thể được sử dụng như:
- chủ ngữ của câu.
Ví dụ: Having studied science subjects made it easy for me to choose a university degree.
(Việc học các môn khoa học giúp tôi dễ dàng lựa chọn bằng cấp đại học.)
- tân ngữ sau một số động từ (admit – thừa nhận, deny – phủ nhận, forget – quên, mention – đề cậ
1. Listen and read. 2. Read the conversation again. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 3. Find phrases in the conversation that mean the following. 4. Complete the sentences using phrases from 1.
1. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to the falling or rising intonation in each of the following questions. 2. Listen and mark the intonation in these questions, using (rising intonation) or (falling intonation). Then practise saying them in pairs. 1. Match the words and phrase with their meanings. 2. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words and phrase in 1. 1. Find and correct the mistakes in the following sentences. 2. Rewrite these sentences using perfect participle clauses.
1. Work in pairs. Which of the two options for school-leavers is more common in your town? Can you think of other options? 2. Read the article. Match the highlighted words with their meanings. 3. Read the article again. Match the headings (1-3) with the paragraphs (A-B). There is ONE extra heading. 4. Read the article again and complete each gap with ONE word. 5. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions.
1. Work in pairs. Complete the table below. Use the suggested ideas and / or your own ideas. 2. Complete the conversation with the sentences In the box. Then practise it in pairs. 3. Work in pairs. Talk about the benefits of academic study. Use the ideas in 1, the model in 2, and the tips above to help you. 4. Work in groups. Discuss what kind of students / learners each option will be more suitable for. Give reasons for your decision. Report to the whole class.