Giải SGK, SBT Unit 4. Green life English Discovery

1. Match the words from boxes A and B to make collocations. Which collocations describe problems and which describe solutions? Complete the table.

(Nối các từ trong khung A và B để tạo thành các cụm từ. Những cụm từ nào mô tả vấn đề và cụm từ nào mô tả giải pháp? Hoàn thành bảng.)

A         climate                        economic         endangered                         global              recycling

            renewable        solar                water

B         bins                 change             energy                         growth                     panels

            shortages                     species                         warming

2. Read the infographic. Which statistic is most shocking?

(Đọc đồ họa thông tin. Thống kê nào gây sốc nhất?)

The life journey of a plastic bottle

Plastic has only existed for around 100 years, but it’s everywhere. 70 percent of plastic water bottles are not recycled.

A plastic water bottle takes 450 years to degrade.

The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is situated between Hawaii and California and contains an estimated 87,000 tons of plastic waste.

Every year over 1 MILLION marine animals die from eating the plastic trash or getting trapped in it.

Tạm dịch:

Nhựa chỉ tồn tại được khoảng 100 năm nhưng nó có mặt ở khắp mọi nơi. 70% chai nước bằng nhựa không được tái chế.

Một chai nước bằng nhựa phải mất 450 năm để phân hủy.

Bãi rác Thái Bình Dương vĩ đại nằm giữa Hawaii và California và chứa khoảng 87.000 tấn rác thải nhựa.

Mỗi năm có hơn 1 TRIỆU động vật biển chết vì ăn phải rác nhựa hoặc bị mắc kẹt trong đó.

3. Match stages of the bottle's journey A-F with places 1-6 on the infographic. Then listen again and check.

(Ghép các giai đoạn trong hành trình của cái chai từ A-F với các vị trí từ 1-6 trên đồ họa thông tin. Sau đó nghe lại và kiểm tra.)

A It remains on the loose and blows across the open countryside through orchards and meadows.

(Nó vẫn thả rông và thổi qua vùng nông thôn rộng mở qua những vườn cây ăn quả và đồng cỏ.)

B Somebody drinks the liquid and throws the bottle away - it is released into the wild and it begins its migration.

(Ai đó uống chất lỏng và ném cái chai đi - nó được thả về tự nhiên và nó bắt đầu di chuyển.)

C Eventually it reaches the open sea and joins the thriving population of plastic waste in the Pacific Ocean.

(Cuối cùng, nó ra biển khơi và gia nhập vào quần thể rác thải nhựa đang phát triển mạnh ở Thái Bình Dương.)

D A plastics factory is the breeding ground for our plastic bottle. It hatches here and then moves to its natural habitat, the supermarket.

(Một nhà máy nhựa là nơi sản sinh ra chai nhựa của chúng ta. Nó nở ở đây và sau đó di chuyển đến môi trường sống tự nhiên của nó là siêu thị.)

E In built-up areas nowhere is safe-not even parks. Children want to kick it and park wardens want to catch it and put it in captivity.

(Ở những khu vực xây dựng không nơi nào an toàn - kể cả công viên. Trẻ em muốn đá nó và những người quản lý công viên muốn bắt nó và nhốt nó.)

F It drops into a stream which takes it out of the foothills and onto the plain.

(Nó rơi xuống một dòng suối đưa nó ra khỏi chân đồi và vào đồng bằng.)

4. Listen and label the pictures with the words in red in Exercise 3.

(Nghe và gọi tên các bức tranh có từ màu đỏ ở Bài tập 3.)

5.  Complete the list with the words in the box. Then listen and repeat.

(Hoàn thành danh sách với các từ trong hộp. Sau đó nghe và lặp lại.)

1. contamination = pollution

2. __________ = plastic that can be used only once

3. __________ = somebody who is passionate about the environment

4. __________ =  irreversible, negative change

5. __________ = broken down naturally by bacterial

6. __________ = a series of living creatures, where each one eats the one preceding it

6. Work in groups. Make a poster about the effects of plastics on the environment. Add drawings and explanations.

(Làm việc nhóm. Làm một tấm áp phích về tác hại của nhựa đối với môi trường. Thêm hình vẽ và giải thích.)

1. Listen to the Moss family discussing what to do for their next holiday. Answer the questions.

(Lắng nghe gia đình Moss thảo luận về những việc cần làm cho kỳ nghỉ tiếp theo của họ. Trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1 What suggestions do they make?

(Họ đưa ra đề xuất gì?)                     

2 What do you think they will probably do?

(Bạn nghĩ họ sẽ làm gì?)

2. Listen to the Moss family again. Who said what? Choose B for Ben, E for Ellie, M for Mum, and D for Dad.

(Hãy nghe lại gia đình Moss. Ai đã nói gì? Chọn B cho Ben, E cho Ellie, M cho Mẹ và D cho Bố.)

1 “If only we could go somewhere exciting for a change.”

(“Giá như chúng ta có thể đi đâu đó thú vị để thay đổi.”)

2 “I think it's time we did something cultural.”

(“Tôi nghĩ đã đến lúc chúng ta phải làm điều gì đó mang tính văn hóa.”)

3 “I wish you all realised how much I look forward to doing nothing for two weeks.”

(“Tôi ước gì các bạn nhận ra rằng tôi mong chờ được không làm gì trong hai tuần đến thế nào.”)

4 “I'd rather we went to the same campsite we went to last year.”

(“Tôi muốn chúng ta đến cùng khu cắm trại mà chúng ta đã đến năm ngoái.”)

3. Read GRAMMAR FOCUS I and answer the questions about the sentences from Exercise 2.

(Đọc GRAMMAR FOCUS I và trả lời các câu hỏi về các câu trong Bài tập 2.)

1 Which sentences refer to the present and which to the future?

(Câu nào nói hiện tại, câu nào nói tương lai?)

2 Which tense is used after the underlined structures?

(Thì nào được dùng sau các cấu trúc được gạch chân?)

4. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn phương án đúng.)

1 I wish we ____________ protect more of the natural habitat for endangered species in Cát Bà.

A can

B could

C would

D were

2 It's time we __________ action to preserve the last remaining breeding grounds for pandas.

A. take

B. had taken

C. took

D. will take

3 I would rather we _________ to see animals in their natural habitat than in a zoo or circus.

A. go

B. went

C. had gone

D. would go

4. If only the release of these animals into the wild __________ create its thriving population in the area.

A. help

B. would help

C. helped

D. had helped

5. I wish Saola __________ more protection.

A. received

B. receive

C. will receive

D. would receive

5. Read GRAMMAR FOCUS II. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Do you have any of these regrets?

(Đọc TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP II. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. Bạn có tiếc nuối điều nào trong số này không?)

1 I wish we hadn't kept (keep) those animals in captivity. They should have been in the wild where they could migrate and thrive.

(Tôi ước gì chúng ta đã không nuôi nhốt những con vật đó. Đáng lẽ chúng phải ở trong môi trường hoang dã nơi chúng có thể di cư và phát triển.)

2 If only we _________ (take) stronger action against plastic waste earlier, we might have prevented the extinction of so many marine species.

3 I wish we __________ (do) more to prevent invasive species, which are now running on the loose in our ecosystems.

4. If only we _________ (know) the consequences of our actions to wildlife. Many species had become extinct.

5 I wish I _________ (use) fewer plastic bags when I stayed in Australia.

6. Complete the sentences to make them true for you. Then compare with a partner.

(Hoàn thành các câu để chúng đúng với bạn. Sau đó so sánh với một đối tác.)

1 I wish I could…

2 It's high time I...

3 I'd rather people didn't...

4 If only I hadn't…

1. Discuss which adjectives in the box you would use to describe the animals in the pictures.

(Thảo luận về những tính từ trong khung mà bạn sẽ sử dụng để mô tả các con vật trong tranh.)

2. Listen to a wildlife expert and identify the main idea.

(Lắng nghe chuyên gia về động vật hoang dã và xác định ý chính.)

3. Listen again. Decide which statements below are true (T) or false (F).

(Nghe lại. Quyết định những câu nào dưới đây là đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

1. Chimpanzees share half of the same genes as humans.

(Tinh tinh có chung một nửa số gen giống con người.)

2. Dolphins sometimes attack each other.

(Cá heo đôi khi tấn công lẫn nhau.)

3. Cats have more developed brains than dogs.

(Mèo có bộ não phát triển hơn chó.)

4. Listen to the lecture again and complete sentences 1-7 with a word or a short phrase.

(Nghe lại bài giảng và hoàn thành các câu từ 1-7 bằng một từ hoặc một cụm từ ngắn.)

1. Dr. Mathews is talking about the ____________ animalspecies on Earth.

(Tiến sĩ Mathews đang nói về ____________ loài động vật trên Trái đất.)

2. The reason why chimpanzees attack and often kill some of their own kind is the need _________.

(Lý do tinh tinh tấn công và thường giết đồng loại của chúng là vì nhu cầu _________.)

3. Dolphins are capable of fighting aggressively when they compete to win over __________.

(Cá heo có khả năng chiến đấu hung hãn khi chúng cạnh tranh để giành chiến thắng __________.)

4. Not only are sheep intelligent, but they also have great memory and highly developed ___________.

(Cừu không chỉ thông minh mà còn có trí nhớ tuyệt vời và ___________ rất phát triển.)

5. Dr. Mathews says ____________ can be misleading, and owls are a good example.

(Tiến sĩ Mathews nói ____________ có thể gây hiểu lầm, và con cú là một ví dụ điển hình.)

6. Cats' unsociability is often associated with the fact that, unlike dogs, their _______ have not developed for centuries.

(Tính khó gần của mèo thường gắn liền với thực tế là, không giống như chó, _______ của chúng không phát triển trong nhiều thế kỷ.)

7. According to the speaker, cats' indifference to pleasing their owners results from the fact that they simply don't care for human ___________.

(Theo diễn giả, sự thờ ơ của mèo trong việc làm hài lòng chủ nhân của chúng là do chúng đơn giản không quan tâm đến ___________ của con người.)

5. Discuss the questions.

(Thảo luận các câu hỏi.)

1. Which domesticated animal do you think is most/least useful to society? Why?

(Bạn nghĩ con vật được thuần hóa nào hữu ích nhất/ít nhất cho xã hội? Tại sao?)

2. How could wild animals be better protected? Is it ever OK to keep them in captivity?

(Làm thế nào động vật hoang dã có thể được bảo vệ tốt hơn? Có bao giờ ổn khi giữ chúng trong điều kiện nuôi nhốt không?)

3. Do you know any organisations, international or local, which help to protect animals and nature? Can you give examples of their activities?

(Bạn có biết tổ chức nào, quốc tế hoặc địa phương, giúp bảo vệ động vật và thiên nhiên không? Bạn có thể cho ví dụ về hoạt động của họ?)

6. In pairs, practise saying these sentences. Pay attention to the bold words.

1. The last point he made was very smart.

(Điểm cuối cùng anh ấy đưa ra rất thông minh.)

2. In the sixth century, there were many misconceptions about the world.

(Vào thế kỷ thứ sáu, có rất nhiều quan niệm sai lầm về thế giới.)

3. The gold mine was undervalued for years.

(Mỏ vàng bị định giá thấp trong nhiều năm)

4. She had to hold back her aggressive behaviour to maintain her loyal relationships with her colleagues.

(Cô ấy phải kiềm chế hành vi hung hăng của mình để duy trì mối quan hệ trung thành với đồng nghiệp.)

5. As yet, he had not received any fan mail.

( Cho đến nay anh ấy vẫn chưa nhận được thư của người hâm mộ nào.)

6. He was a good guitarist, which added to his impressive reputation as a musician.

(Anh ấy là một tay guitar giỏi, điều này càng làm tăng thêm danh tiếng ấn tượng của anh ấy với tư cách là một nhạc sĩ.)

1. Look at the words and phrases below. Translate them using a dictionary if necessary. Then listen and repeat.

(Nhìn vào các từ và cụm từ dưới đây. Dịch chúng bằng từ điển nếu cần thiết. Sau đó nghe và lặp lại.)

1 blizzard = ______

2 drought = ______

3 earthquake = ______

4 hurricane = ______

5 tsunami = ______

6 wildfire = ______

. Fill in the gaps with the words in Exercise 1 and then finish each piece of news with your own words.

(Điền từ vào chỗ trống trong Bài tập 1 rồi hoàn thành mỗi tin tức bằng từ của chính bạn.)

1 The ________, measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale, lasted for seven seconds, but…

2 Roofs were blown off and cars overturned in the latest ________ to hit the coast of...

3 It has already been fifteen weeks since the ________ began. All the water noises have end up and...

4 Fishing villages were destroyed by the latest _______ as a thirty-metre wall of water...

5 Firefighters are trying to prevent the ________ from spreading any further by...

6 Not only drivers had problems during yesterday's _________. A group of young hikers from the local college lost their way in the snow due to poor visibility and...

3. Look at the photos in the film blog and discuss the questions.

(Nhìn vào các bức ảnh trong blog phim và thảo luận các câu hỏi.)

1 Which of these films, if any, have you seen?

(Bạn đã xem bộ phim nào trong số này?)

2 What is each film about and what do they have in common?

(Mỗi bộ phim nói về điều gì và chúng có điểm gì chung?)

3 Which words in Exercise 1 would you associate with each film?

(Những từ nào trong Bài tập 1 bạn sẽ liên tưởng đến mỗi bộ phim?)

4. Read the reviews again. Match texts A-B with statements 1-4. Two texts have two matching statements.

(Đọc lại các nhận xét. Nối văn bản A-B với câu 1-4. Hai văn bản có hai câu phù hợp.)

FILM BLOG

THIS WEEK'S THEME:

DISASTER MOVIES BASED ON TRUE STORIES

A THE IMPOSSIBLE

The film is based on the story of a Spanish family who went on a Christmas holiday to Khao Lak in Thailand in 2004 and were caught up in the tsunami that hit Southeast Asia, killing 230,000 people in fourteen countries.

The filming of the tsunami itself is spectacular and uses a mixture of digital effects and real waves filmed in slow motion in a water tank.

Most of the film deals with the aftermath of the tsunami and the agony suffered by the family when they are split up and have no idea whether the others have survived.

In the film, the family are British, with Naomi Watts and Ewan McGregor giving honest and compassionate performances as the parents of three young boys. The director, Juan Antonio Bayona, wanted the film to be as realistic as possible, so the actors had to spend five weeks of physically demanding filming in a massive water tank.

The Impossible tells a captivating true story in which survival, society, family ties and human kindness all shine through.

The Impossible is an amazing film, but it made me question how sensible it is to develop tourism in areas that are likely to suffer natural disasters. Isn't it too risky?

John

B THE BOY WHO HARNESSED THE WIND

Set in Africa, the film tells story of Malawian inventor William Kamkwamba. When he was just fourteen years old, he saved his family and village from famine by building an electricity-generating windmill from spare parts, working from rough plans he found in a library book. The film explores a community facing extreme poverty and hunger. Although the Kamkwamba family is struggling to survive, the parents do their best to focus. on their children's education, but William is forced to leave school when the family can no longer afford the school fees. The film is directed by and stars Chiwetel Ejiofor who spent a decade getting to know the Malawi people and learning their language. He uses subtitles so that the characters in the film mostly speak Chichewa, the Malawian language, and this is one of the reasons why the characters are so believable,

Drought and the underlying issues of deforestation, colonialism and climate change are dealt with in detail. But the movie ends on a positive note, with science-obsessed William Kamkwamba saving his village, bringing them electricity and more importantly, water.

The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind shows yet again how unfair life is and how important it is for rich countries to help people in poor countries to survive.

Jessica

In this film

(Trong phim này)

1 the special effects led to difficult filming conditions for the actors.

(các hiệu ứng đặc biệt đã dẫn đến điều kiện quay phim khó khăn cho các diễn viên.)

2 the director gave the characters their own voice.

(đạo diễn đã lồng tiếng cho các nhân vật.)

3 the characters are not expecting disaster.

(nhân vật đều không lường trước được thảm họa.)

4 the characters are starving due to man-made problems.

(các nhân vật đang chết đói do các vấn đề do con người gây ra.)

5. Complete the list with the words in blue in the reviews. Then listen, check and repeat.

(Hoàn thành danh sách với các từ màu xanh lam trong phần đánh giá. Sau đó nghe, kiểm tra và lặp lại.)

1 ____________ poverty/hunger

2 physically _________

3 on a __________ note

4 suffer ____________

6. Answer the questions about the blog reviews using the collocations in Exercise 5.

(Trả lời các câu hỏi về bài đánh giá blog bằng cách sử dụng các cụm từ trong Bài tập 5.)

A

1 What does a large part of the film focus on?

(Phần lớn bộ phim tập trung vào điều gì?)

2 How does the reviewer describe the conditions in which the actors had to perform?

(Người đánh giá mô tả các điều kiện mà các diễn viên phải thực hiện như thế nào?)

B

1 What problems confronting William's village does the the film investigate?

(Bộ phim điều tra những vấn đề gì mà ngôi làng của William phải đối mặt?)

2 Despite the problems, how does the film end and why?

(Bất chấp những vấn đề, bộ phim kết thúc như thế nào và tại sao?)

7. Read the two comments under the reviews and discuss whether you agree with the views. Give reasons for your answers.

(Đọc hai nhận xét bên dưới phần đánh giá và thảo luận xem bạn có đồng ý với quan điểm đó hay không. Đưa ra lý do cho câu trả lời của bạn.)

1. Read and listen to a conversation between two friends. Why does Will get angry?

(Đọc và nghe đoạn hội thoại giữa hai người bạn. Tại sao Will lại tức giận?)

Will: I've been watching a programmer about extreme weather  events- interesting but very scary! What they did was show the effects of some recent floods where people had lost absolutely everything. Rarely have I seen such devastating scenes. What I find shocking is that some people still believe that humans have nothing to do with climate change.

Emma: I don't think you can blame humans.

Will: What? It's those kind of comments that really annoy me. How can you say that?

Emma: All I'm saying is that there's no link between carbon emissions and climate change. What's happened is that scientists have invented global warming so they can get more funding.

Will: Are you serious?! Not only are you making ridiculous accusations, but you don't even know the basic facts. Of course it's carbon emissions that are to blame for global warming.

Tạm dịch:

Will: Tôi đang theo dõi một lập trình viên về các hiện tượng thời tiết khắc nghiệt- thú vị nhưng rất đáng sợ! Những gì họ làm là cho thấy hậu quả của một số trận lũ lụt gần đây khiến người dân gần như mất tất cả. Hiếm khi tôi thấy những cảnh tượng tàn khốc như vậy. Điều tôi thấy sốc là một số người vẫn tin rằng con người không liên quan gì đến biến đổi khí hậu.

Emma: Tôi không nghĩ bạn có thể đổ lỗi cho con người.

Sẽ: Cái gì? Đó là những bình luận thực sự làm tôi khó chịu. Sao bạn lại có thể nói điều đó?

Emma: Tất cả những gì tôi muốn nói là không có mối liên hệ nào giữa lượng khí thải carbon và biến đổi khí hậu. Điều đã xảy ra là các nhà khoa học đã phát minh ra sự nóng lên toàn cầu để họ có thể nhận được nhiều tài trợ hơn.

Will: Cậu nghiêm túc đấy à?! Bạn không chỉ đưa ra những lời buộc tội lố bịch mà thậm chí bạn còn không biết những sự thật cơ bản. Tất nhiên, lượng khí thải carbon là nguyên nhân gây ra hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu.

2. Read and complete the GRAMMAR FOCUS with the words in blue in Exercise 1.

(Đọc và hoàn thành TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP với các từ màu xanh lam trong Bài tập 1.)

3. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There is one extra word.

(Hoàn thành câu với các từ trong hộp. Có thêm một từ nữa.)

1. It's the gasses from industrialisation that have caused the greenhouse effect.

2. What scientists _________ is analyse air that's 800,000 years old, trapped under the ice in Antarctica.

3. _________ I'm saying is _________  there is more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere now than there was before.

4. It _________ the captivating beauty of the landscape _________ was destroyed by the wildfire.

5. _________ only in recent decades _________ observe a rise in sea levels and more extreme weather events.

4. Rewrite the sentences using the structures from the GRAMMAR FOCUS and the words in capitals.

(Viết lại các câu sử dụng cấu trúc từ TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP và các từ viết hoa.)

1. Will and Emma had an argument. HAPPENED

(Will và Emma cãi nhau.)

What happened was (that) Will and Emma had an argument.

(Chuyện đã xảy ra là Will và Emma đã cãi nhau.)

2. Will (not Emma) started talking about climate change. IT

(Will (không phải Emma) bắt đầu nói về biến đổi khí hậu.)

3. Will told Emma how strongly he felt. DID

(Will nói với Emma rằng anh cảm thấy mạnh mẽ như thế nào)

4. Emma only suggested that Will couldn't blame humans. ALL

(Emma chỉ cho rằng Will không thể đổ lỗi cho con người.)

5. Will couldn't believe Emma's views on scientists. WHAT

(Will không thể tin được quan điểm của Emma về các nhà khoa học.)

5. Work in pairs. Discuss what concerns you about the environment in Việt Nam.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận những điều bạn quan tâm về môi trường ở Việt Nam.)

What I worry about most is..

(Điều tôi lo lắng nhất là)

What makes natural disasters even more devastating for vulnerable communities is …

(Điều khiến thiên tai càng tàn khốc hơn đối với các cộng đồng dễ bị tổn thương là…)

1. Think about how the weather affects human hyperactive hypersensitive behaviour. Choose the option you think is correct.

(Hãy nghĩ xem thời tiết ảnh hưởng như thế nào đến hành vi quá mẫn cảm của con người. Chọn tùy chọn mà bạn cho là đúng.)

1. Rainy / Sunny weather makes you sleepy.

2. Rainy / Sunny weather makes you hungry.

3.  Rainy / Sunny weather makes you more violent.

4. Calm / Stormy weather makes children hyperactive.

5. Dull / Sunny weather makes your memory better.

6. Rainy / Sunny weather makes you feel comforted.

2. Read the blog and check your ideas in Exercise 1.

(Đọc blog và kiểm tra ý tưởng của bạn trong Bài tập 1.)

HOW WEATHER AFFECTS HUMAN BEHAVIOUR

Are you incapable of getting up in the morning? That may be because it's raining, and the absence of sunlight causes the sleep hormone melatonin to be overactive. Heavy rain can also make you hungry. When it's cloudy, the hormone serotonin decreases, and you need more carbohydrates. The effect of rain on crime rates cannot be underestimated. A New York Times investigation found that crimes committed on dry days far outnumber those committed in bad weather because people (including criminals) are unwilling to go out in the rain. Perhaps we should reconsider our opinion of British weather in the light of these statistics!

High temperatures on the other hand have long been linked with an upturn in violence. Raised temperatures cause an increase in heart rates and people are less able to control their temper.

Tạm dịch:

THỜI TIẾT ẢNH HƯỞNG ĐẾN HÀNH VI CON NGƯỜI NHƯ THẾ NÀO

Bạn không có khả năng thức dậy vào buổi sáng? Đó có thể là do trời mưa, thiếu ánh nắng khiến hormone ngủ melatonin hoạt động quá mức. Mưa lớn cũng có thể khiến bạn đói. Khi trời nhiều mây, hormone serotonin giảm và bạn cần nhiều carbohydrate hơn. Không thể đánh giá thấp ảnh hưởng của mưa đối với tỷ lệ tội phạm. Một cuộc điều tra của tờ New York Times cho thấy tội ác xảy ra vào những ngày khô ráo nhiều hơn nhiều so với những tội phạm xảy ra trong thời tiết xấu vì mọi người (bao gồm cả tội phạm) không muốn ra ngoài trời mưa. Có lẽ chúng ta nên xem xét lại quan điểm thứ năm của mình về thời tiết ở Anh dựa trên những số liệu thống kê này!

Mặt khác, nhiệt độ cao từ lâu đã có liên quan đến sự gia tăng bạo lực. Nhiệt độ tăng cao khiến nhịp tim tăng cao và con người ít có khả năng kiểm soát tính khí của mình.

3. Read and complete the LANGUAGE FOCUS with the examples in blue in the blog.

(Đọc và hoàn thành TẬP TRUNG NGÔN NGỮ với các ví dụ màu xanh lam trong blog.)

4. Match the words in the box with the correct prefixes to make twelve new words. What spelling rules can you work out for il-, im- and ir-?

(Nối các từ trong khung với các tiền tố đúng để tạo thành 12 từ mới. Bạn có thể tìm ra quy tắc đánh vần nào cho il-, im- và ir-?)

1. dis- __________, __________

2. il- __________, __________

3. im- __________, __________

4. in- __________, __________

5. ir __________, __________

6. un- __________, __________

5. Complete the two comments about the blog with the correct form of the words in brackets.

(Hoàn thành hai nhận xét về blog với dạng đúng của từ trong ngoặc.)

I don't like winter. I suffer from low (1) __________ and I fall out with friends because I'm very (SOCIAL) (2) __________. I'm (CAPABLE) (3) __________ of getting up in the morning and I know that my work is (4) ___________ because I lack concentration. I need sunshine to feel alive.

Johnny

All this weather stuff is (5) __________ for people like me. I work all day in a shop, I travel to the gym to work and back by bus and I go in the evening. I'm totally (6) __________ of the weather most of the time!

Julie

1. Read Minh Anh's comment in Young Traveller magazine. Do you agree with her point of view? Why?/Why not?

(Đọc bình luận của Minh Anh trên tạp chí Young Traveler. Bạn có đồng ý với quan điểm của cô ấy không? Tại sao tại sao không?)

2. Read Tung's letter to the magazine in response to Minh Anh's comments. Why does he choose to write about Côn Đảo? Would you like to visit the island? Why?/ Why not?

(Đọc thư của Tùng gửi tạp chí để đáp lại ý kiến của Minh Anh. Tại sao anh ấy lại chọn viết về Côn Đảo? Bạn có muốn đến thăm hòn đảo này không? Tại sao tại sao không?)

HAVE YOUR SAY...

Last month we asked you: Is enough being done to protect the natural environment in popular tourist destinations?

MINH ANH, 17, WROTE:

I'm a nature lover and it seems to me that governments and tour operators care mainly about the money that tourism generates and not about the negative impacts that visitors have on natural environments. Development of facilities for tourists often takes priority over protection of areas of natural beauty and local wildlife, and not enough is done to establish national parks or develop tourism responsibly.

TUNG, 18, WROTE:

Dear Editor,

1 I am contacting you after reading Minh Anh's comments in January's Young Traveller magazine. Although I understand Minh Anh's concerns, I would like to point out that there are tourist resorts where a great deal is being done to promote wildlife protection and preserve natural beauty.

2 Having just returned from a holiday to beautiful Côn Đảo, I have personally seen sustainable tourism in action. The island's natural environment is vital to its success as a tourist destination, yet it is only relatively recently that the authorities have begun to protect it.

3 Côn Đảo National Park has established marine conservation zones where fishing and other activities are restricted to the marine e corks to park also and protect stem. The coral reefs, seagrass meadows, and other important marine habitats.

The situation in Con Dao is not perfect; nevertheless, it is undeniable that the negative impacts of tourism have been reduced and the turtles continue to lay their eggs there. To my mind, the island proves that some tourist destinations are concerned about more than just money. Perhaps, the positive example in Con Dao could trigger other resorts to care more for their natural environments.

Yours faithfully,

Tùng

3. Complete the headings in LANGUAGE FOCUS I with the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành các tiêu đề trong phần TRỌNG TÂM NGÔN NGỮ I với các từ trong hộp.)

4. Read LANGUAGE FOCUS II, then rewrite extracts 1-7 using the words in brackets.

(Đọc LANGUAGE FOCUS II, sau đó viết lại đoạn trích 1-7 bằng cách sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1. Some beaches are protected while others are not. (whereas)

(Một số bãi biển được bảo vệ trong khi những bãi biển khác thì không.)

Whereas ______________________________________

2. Whereas Côn Đảo National Park protects its wildlife, many other destinations fail to. (while)

(Trong khi Vườn quốc gia Côn Đảo bảo vệ động vật hoang dã thì nhiều điểm đến khác lại không làm được điều đó.)

Côn Đảo ______________________________________

3. Closing the beaches at night wasn't easy. That said, it was necessary for the sake of the turtles. (Having)

(Đóng cửa các bãi biển vào ban đêm không hề dễ dàng. Điều đó nói lên rằng, điều đó là cần thiết vì lợi ích của loài rùa.)

Closing ______________________________________

4. Things are improving; nevertheless it will take years for the bay to recover completely. (even so)

Things ______________________________________

5. Even though bins are provided, visitors continue to leave litter in the sand. (yet)

(Mặc dù đã cung cấp thùng rác nhưng du khách vẫn tiếp tục xả rác trên cát.)

Bins ______________________________________

6. In fact, the seabird population has begun to recover. (actually)

(Trên thực tế, số lượng chim biển đã bắt đầu phục hồi.)

The seabird population ______________________________________

7. Some of the forest is private while other parts are open to the public. (whereas)

(Một số khu rừng thuộc sở hữu tư nhân trong khi những phần khác được mở cửa cho công chúng.)

Whereas ______________________________________

5. Read the message which was printed after Tung's letter in Young Traveller magazine. Then plan your letter to an editor.

(Đọc lời nhắn được in sau thư của Tùng trên tạp chí Lữ Khách Trẻ. Sau đó lập kế hoạch gửi thư cho người biên tập.)

Thank you for your interesting contribution, Tung. We would like to hear from other readers who have visited, or know of places where similar efforts are being made. Write a letter (180-200 words) describing a place in which negative impacts of tourism on the natural environment are being controlled.

YOUNG TRAVELLER

 (Cảm ơn sự đóng góp thú vị của bạn, Tung. Chúng tôi muốn nghe ý kiến từ những độc giả khác đã ghé thăm hoặc biết những nơi đang thực hiện những nỗ lực tương tự. Viết một lá thư (180-200 từ) mô tả một địa điểm mà tác động tiêu cực của du lịch đến môi trường tự nhiên đang được kiểm soát.

Lữ khách trẻ)

1. Look at the photo. Then describe it using the words in the box.

(Nhìn vào bức hình. Sau đó mô tả nó bằng cách sử dụng các từ trong hộp.)

2. You are going to listen to a presentation about the Giant Crystal Cave. How does the information below relate to the topic? Listen and check.

(Bạn sẽ nghe thuyết trình về Hang Pha Lê Khổng Lồ. Thông tin dưới đây liên quan đến chủ đề như thế nào? Nghe và kiểm tra.)

1 the year 2000 (năm 2000)

2 half a million years (nửa triệu năm)

3 fifty-five tons (năm mươi lăm tấn)

4 58 degrees Celsius (58 độ C)

5 ten minutes (mười phút)

3. Complete the SPEAKING FOCUS with the words in the box. Then listen again and check.

(Hoàn thành phần NÓI TẬP TRUNG với các từ trong hộp. Sau đó nghe lại và kiểm tra.)

4. Complete the extracts from presentations with words and phrases from the SPEAKING FOCUS.

(Hoàn thành các đoạn trích từ bài thuyết trình bằng các từ và cụm từ trong TẬP TRUNG NÓI.)

1. You may be _____________ why I've chosen to talk about Ha Long Bay in Việt Nam today. Well, let me explain.

2. You may already ____________ that Wolin, an island in Poland, is home to around 200 bird species.

3. Perhaps you have _____________ of Table Mountain in South Africa. It rises high above the city of Cape Town.

4. We are probably all familiar with the Dolomite Mountains in northeastern Italy, but most people aren't __________ that this mountain range was added to the UNESCO World Heritage list in 2009.

5. Thanks for listening. If _________- has any questions, please feel free to ask now.

5. Prepare a presentation on a natural wonder. Follow the steps below.

(Chuẩn bị bài thuyết trình về một kỳ quan thiên nhiên. Làm theo các bước dưới đây.)

• Select a natural wonder that interests you.

(Chọn một kỳ quan thiên nhiên mà bạn quan tâm.)

• Do some research and plan your presentation.

(Thực hiện một số nghiên cứu và lên kế hoạch cho bài thuyết trình của bạn.)

• Find some interesting photographs to illustrate the presentation, if possible.

(Tìm một số bức ảnh thú vị để minh họa cho bài thuyết trình, nếu có thể.)

• Select useful language from the SPEAKING FOCUS

(Chọn ngôn ngữ hữu ích từ TRỌNG TÂM NÓI)

• Learn and practise your presentation.

(Tìm hiểu và thực hành bài thuyết trình của bạn.)

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. There are two extra words.

(Hoàn thành câu với các từ trong khung. Có thêm hai từ nữa.)

1. There was a small small __________  at the back of our house where we'd pick apples in the autumn.

2. It was amazing to see tigers in their natural ___________ in India.

3. The village is in a remote mountain area and experiences some __________ weather conditions.

4. The region is facing its worst _____________ decades with no rain in months now.

5. Thanks to conservation efforts, there's now a ________________ population of wildcats.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct words to replace the words in brackets. The first letter is given.

(Hoàn thành câu với từ thích hợp để thay thế từ trong ngoặc. Từ đầu tiên được đưa ra.)

1. The clearance of hundreds of trees has caused i___________ (impossible to repair) damage to the forest.

2. There are less than a hundred animals in the wild and just a handful in c__________ (not in the wild).

3. Despite its r___________(being similar) to a bat, this creature is actually a type of squirrel.

4. The packaging is b___________ (capable of being decomposed).

5. Many of the villagers live in extreme p_________ (being poor) getting by on less than a dollar a day.

6. Raccoons are extremely c__________ (that like to compete and win) animals.

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. If only you ________________ (sort out) the recycling properly, I wouldn't have to waste time doing it!

2. It's high time you _____________ (start) cycling to school. It's not too far.

3. If only the motorway ______________- (not build) near the nature reserve, it wouldn't have affected the local wildlife so much.

4. I'd rather you ___________ (use) reusable bags while shopping instead of those plastic ones.

5. I wish my parents ___________  (ask) me what breed of dog I wanted to get before buying me a poodle.

4 Read texts A-C and match them with questions 1-4. One text matched two of the questions. Which text mentions an environment where ...

(Đọc đoạn văn A-C và nối chúng với câu hỏi 1-4. Một văn bản phù hợp với hai trong số các câu hỏi. Văn bản nào đề cập đến một môi trường nơi ...)

1. temperatures can change dramatically during a single day?

(nhiệt độ có thể thay đổi đáng kể trong một ngày?)

2. a very wide range of species thrive?

(rất nhiều loài phát triển mạnh?)

3. there are no distinct seasons?

(Không có mùa rõ rệt?)

4. few plants and animals can live?

(Rất ít loài thực vật và động vật có thể sống được?)

A

DESERTS

Contrary to popular perception, temperature alone does not directly define whether an area of land is described as a desert. The key factor instead is rainfall, with desert areas averaging less than 254 millimetres of rain a year. There are, in fact, what are known as 'cold deserts', such as in the Antarctic, where temperatures can be below freezing. Even the hot, dry deserts we most typically think of, such as the Sahara, can experience very dramatic temperature drops at night. This is because the lack of cloud cover allows hot air to escape very quickly once the sun has set.

B

RAINFORESTS

As their name suggests, rainforests are found in areas with consistently high levels of rainfall, typically in tropical regions of the world around the equator. They may receive more than 2,000 millimetres of rain a year and with an average daily temperature of around 28 degrees Celsius, they are hot and humid. This climate is consistent all year round which creates the perfect habitat for an incredibly diverse range of plants and animals and makes them some of the most biodiverse environments on the planet.

C

TUNDRAS

One of the world's harshest environments are tundras, treeless ecosystems found in the Arctic and on the tops. of mountains. These areas are very cold and windy with little rainfall, making it difficult for both plants and animals to survive. Most of the plants found on the tundra are very low-lying, growing in gaps in the rocks where they have some protection from the wind. The Arctic tundra is covered in snow for much of the year, with the soil below the surface permanently frozen. Tundra plants have a very short growing season of just fifty to sixty days during the short Arctic summer.

5. Ask and answer the questions.

1. What could be done to persuade people to recycle more?

(Có thể làm gì để thuyết phục mọi người tái chế nhiều hơn?)

2. How can you use social media to promote an environmentally-friendly lifestyle?

(Bạn có thể sử dụng mạng xã hội như thế nào để thúc đẩy lối sống thân thiện với môi trường?)

3. Is the work of environmental organisations effective? What makes you think so?              

(Công việc của các tổ chức môi trường có hiệu quả không? Điều gì làm bạn nghĩ như vậy?)

4. What are the advantages of living next to large green areas?

(Sống cạnh mảng xanh rộng lớn có lợi ích gì?)

1. Complete the text with the missing words. The first letters are given.

(Hoàn thành bài đọc sau với các từ còn thiếu. Các chữ cái đầu tiên được cho trước.)

Every country aims to create (1) economic growth because it brings more jobs and better living conditions for its population. However, this kind of development is often bad news for the environment. For example, when more factories are built, there is more employment, but air pollution from manufacturing leads to (2) gl_____ wa_____, a phenomenon that is increasing temperatures around the world. This (3) cl _____ ch_____ causes problems for farmers because when it’s hotter and there isn't enough rain, (4) wa_____ sh_____ mean animals have nothing to drink and food crops die. In addition, warmer temperatures destroy areas where animals live and we now have many (5) en_____ sp_____ that could die out completely.

There needs to be a balance between economic growth and protecting the environment. Governments should invest in (6) re_____ en_____ such as wind farms and make it affordable for homes and businesses to install

(7) so_____ pa_____ on roofs.

Some countries make sure all homes have(8) re_____ bi_____ for their household waste, too. Glass, paper and aluminium can be reused, which is great for the environment.

2. Match the two statements. Use the words in bold to help you.

(Nối hai phát biểu. Dùng các từ in đậm để giúp bạn.)

3. Complete the text with the words in bold in Exercise 2.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với các từ in đậm trong bài tập 2.)

One of the biggest threats to the quality of the natural environment is (1) single-use plastic such as drinks bottles, bags, straws and packaging. Unlike paper packaging, plastic is not (2) _____, so it stays on the ground and in the oceans for many, many years and causes (3) _____ of land and water.

When plastic is in the ocean, sea creatures mistake it for food, eat It and die. These deaths affect the (4) _____ in terrible ways as it means there is less for other animals to eat. We should produce less plastic and get rid of plastic waste more responsibly to stop the (5) _____ that it causes. It isn't enough for us to depend on (6) _____ to fight for the environment. Everyone has a duty to protect the planet.

4. Complete the missing words. The first letters are given.

(Hoàn thành các từ còn thiếu. Các từ đầu tiên đã được cho trước.)

1. A ditch can be at the side of a road or a field, and it holds or carries away water.

2. A s_____ is a small narrow river,

3. A p_____ is a large flat area of land with very few trees on it.

4. A b_____ a_____ has many homes, roads and businesses.

5 An o_____ is an area of land where fruit trees are grown.

6. A f_____ is at the bottom of a mountain.

7. A m_____ is an area of land which has grass and flowers in it.

5. Complete the email with the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành email sau với các tù trong bộp.)

To: Emily

From: Anna

Hi Emily,

We're having a great time. I didn't think I’d enjoy hiking, but I’ve changed my mind! We're staying in a village in the (1) foothills of the mountains. It’s far away from any (2) _____, so it’s nice and quiet. Our accommodation is on a farm and it’s such a pretty place.

On our first day, the farmer showed us around. First, he took us to the (3) _____ where we picked cherries from the trees. The following day, we had a picnic in a (4) _____ with soft grass and colourful wildflowers. After we ate, Andy and Lou decided to play football. Bad idea! The ball rolled into a grassy (5) _____ and when Andy went to get it, he slipped on the grass and hurt his foot. Luckily, it wasn't serious, but the next day he couldn't hike with us.

Do you like the photo I've attached? That’s the view from my room. The (6) _____ belongs to the farmer. He got it ready yesterday and he's going to grow some vegetables there. Nearby you can see a (7) _____ - the water is so clear that you can drink it!

Today we're going hiking again. There's a flat (8) _____ not far from here and Andy won’t have any problems walking there. So, I’d better get my boots on and join the others!

Bye for now,

Anna

6. Choose the correct answers A – C.

(Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. In the past, farmers had to dig their _____ by hand, but now they use tractors to plough them.

A. fields                      B. plains                      C. meadows

2. Brightly coloured flowers filled the _____ and we saw deer eating the grass.

A. ditch                       B. meadow                  C. stream

3. _____ plastics have created huge 'garbage patches' in the Pacific Ocean.

A. Only-time               B. Single-use              C. Once-used

4. Global warming has caused _____ to fish  populations, which are dying in great numbers.

A. endangered species B. climate change      C. irreparable damage

5. A _____ chain shows what each living thing eats, and how energy is passed from creature to creature.

A. species                    B. diet                         C. food

6. In _____ areas, there are many homes as well as services such as schools and hospitals.

A. ploughed                B. built-up                   C. thriving

7. Unless the energy we use is clean and _____, we will continue to pollute the planet and damage life.

A. renewable               B. biodegradable        C. recycled

1. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của các động từ trong ngoặc.)

1. I wish I had (have) a longer attention span but, I . . . Oh, er sorry, what was I saying?

2. If only there _____ (be) a pill people could take to get rid of serious illnesses quickly.

3. Sarah wishes her friends _____ (not upload) photos of her to social media sites without asking first.

4. I wish I _____ (not suffer) from insomnia before tests and exams.

5. If only my parents _____ (buy) a sat-nav, we might not get lost so often.

2. Choose the correct option to explain the meaning of each sentence in italics.

(Chọn đáp án đúng để giải thích nghĩa của câu in nghiêng.)

1. If only I had taken on the new role at work.

The speaker did/didn't take on the new role at work.

2. I wish the living expenses in this city weren't so high.

The living expenses in the speaker's city are/aren't high.

3. I wish I’d performed better at the interview.

The speaker did/didn't perform well at the interview.

4. If only my job wasn't so monotonous.

The speaker's job is/isn't monotonous.

5. I wish my contract hadn't expired.

The speaker's contract has / hasn't expired.

3.  Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nó cùng nghĩa với câu thứ nhất.)

1. I think you should go home now.

It's time you went home.

2. I would like you to drive instead of me today.

I'd rather you ______ today.

3. I really should have set my alarm for 6.00 am. instead of 7.00 a.m.

If only _____ my alarm an hour earlier.

4. You haven't bought your girlfriend flowers for at least six months.

It's high time _____ flowers.

5. I regret that I didn't learn to swim when I was a child.

I wish I _____ when I was a child.

6. I'd prefer not to sit at the table right next to the entrance.

I’d rather _____ at the table right next to the entrance.

4. Change the underlined words so that the tense is correct in the second sentence.

(Thay đổi các từ gạch chân để thì trong câu thứ hai đúng.)

1. If only I was more outgoing.

If only I had been more outgoing when I was at school.

2 I wish I could go on holiday.

I wish I _____ last summer.

3. If only we lived in a big city now.

If only we _____ when we were children.

4. I wish I hadn't lived alone at university.

I wish I _____ now.

5. If only I hadn't been so tired that night.

If only I _____  now.

5. Complete the messages with the correct form of the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành lời nhắn với dạng đúng của các từ trong hộp.)

If you love the sea, then Ocean Fans is the website for you.

Sea not Space - jellyfish99 writes:

It’s high time we (1) explored the world's oceans more thoroughly. Amazingly, 95 percent of our waters remain unseen by human eyes. I would rather governments (2) _____ in this than in developing weapons; for example. I wish we (3) _____ concentrate on learning more about what is here on Earth and how to preserve it. The answer to many of our environmental problems could lie beneath the waves - if only we (4) _____ the effort to look.

1 Reply – ocotboy8 writes:

I couldn't agree more, jellyfi$h99. I wish we (5) _____ the billions it took to fight the wars of recent years on preserving the planet and its oceans instead. If only we (6) _____ developing clean energy alternatives earlier, the Earth might now be in a much better state.

2. Complete the collocations using the words in the box.

(Hoàn thành các cụm từ cố định sau dùng các từ trong hộp.)

(1) lose your mind: become crazy

get sb or sth (2) _____ your mind: stop thinking about somebody or something

a (3) _____mind: with very fixed opinions; unwilling to change your ideas

an (4) _____ mind: curious, wanting to find out new things

there is no (5) _____ in sb’s mind: used when someone feels certain about something

at the (6) _____ of your mind: used when you are aware of something but you don't really want to think about it

sth is (7) _____ in sb’s mind: someone remembers something clearly

sth is (8) _____ sb’s mind: someone worries about something or thinks about it a lot

1. Read the texts. What is the common topic of the two texts?

(Đọc hai bài đọc. Chủ đề chung của hai đoạn văn là gì?)

1. Population

2. Extinction

3. Large creatures

Passage A:

The Tasmanian devil is found on the island of Tasmania, but it once had thriving populations on the Australian mainland* too, where it was widespread. The devil's extinction there 3,000 years ago was likely due to increasingly dry conditions with little rain to support plant and animal life. The Tasmanian population survived because of the wetter conditions and also because the dingo - a native* Australian wild dog - was unable to reach the island and hunt the Tasmanian devil.

Early European settlers* considered Tasmanian devils a danger to their farm animals and, in 1830, a plan was introduced to remove them from the island. For over 100 years, devils were caught and killed, and their extinction was imminent. But the population recovered after a 1941 law began to protect them. For over fifty years, all was well, until a disease epidemic* had a severe impact on the population, causing it to shrink considerably. The Tasmanian devil is now an endangered species, and as the disease cannot be cured, there are serious concerns about its continued survival.

Passage B:

The world’s largest bee, thought to be extinct, has been discovered by scientists in a group of Indonesian islands. Now, there is some hope for the survival of the species. However, it is threatened by deforestation - the region where the bees live lost seven percent of its trees between 2001 and 2017.

Part of the funding for the expedition* to find the bee was provided by Global Wildlife Conservation, In 2017, this organisation began a worldwide search for twenty-five species that have been ‘lost' for at least a decade, including a pink-headed duck and a tree kangaroo.

Though it is an exciting discovery, scientists worry that there may be a new threat. In 2018, a sample of the bee was sold on eBay for $9,100. They are concerned that people may attempt to find the bees for profit. To protect them, the exact location of the discovery has not been revealed. The team plans to return to the island to do more research soon.

2. Match statements 1 - 4 with texts A – B, you can choose each text more than once.

(Nối các phát biểu 1 – 4 với các đoạn văn A – B, bạn có thể chọn mỗi đoạn văn nhiều hơn một lần.)

This text ...

1. gives an example of a link between climate and extinction.

2. is about the man-made destruction of natural habitats.

3. is about a species that has faced extinction twice.

4. reports on a selfish reason to find a particular species.

1. Add one of the phrases in the box to each sentence to make it more emphatic.

(Thêm một trong những cụm từ trong hộp vào mỗi câu để khiến nó được nhấn mạnh hơn.)

1. It's your own fault you are busy now. You should've done more work last week.

2. If you don't do any exercise, I'm not surprised you feel unwell so often.

3. I'm sorry I was rude to you. I've had a difficult day.

4. Are you going to do it again?

5. I don't know why you didn't call me first to check.

6. I am convinced she is telling the truth.

2. Complete the text with phrases a-f.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với các cụm từ a – f.)

The Rosetta Mission

(1) d such an exciting space project as the Rosetta mission. Just in case you missed the news. (2) _ land a spacecraft on a comet travelling at 24,600 miles per hour 511 million km from Earth. (3) _ an opportunity to study a comet in such detail. (4) _ the journey to the comet take ten years, but it cost over a billion pounds. (5) _ the unimaginably distant comet is only 2.5 miles wide. Scientists have compared the task to trying to lend on a speeding bullet. (6) _ remind us how advanced science has really become.

a. It's these kinds of achievements that

b. Never before has there been

c. Not only did

d. Rarely has there been

e. What is most amazing is that

f. What scientists managed to do was

3. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. What was happened/ happened was that I forgot to log out of Facebook and Jo posted this comment.

2. Never have I/ I have been so humiliated in all my life.

3. It's / What's people like him that should be given the most responsible tasks.

4. What I find most unbelievable that is / is that no one saw Becky leaving the party.

5. All we are / are we saying is please give us a chance to explain what happened.

6. What he did was / did he was wander around the streets hoping he would recognise his hotel.

7. Rarely the temperatures have / have the temperatures fallen so low in September.

8. Not only do you / you do ask me for a lot of money, but you lie about why you really need it.

4. Rewrite the story using the words in brackets.

(Viết lại câu chuyện dùng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1. Ryan lost track of time. (happened)

What happened was that Ryan lost track of time.

2. He was distracted by a documentary about a man snowboarding on an iceberg. (it)

3. The film crew flew out to the North Atlantic by helicopter. (did)

4. They dropped the man onto the top of the huge iceberg. (happened)

5. The man only slipped over it for about half a minute, but the shots were amazing. (all)

6. Ryan hadn't ever seen anyone snowboarding in such an unusual place. (never)

7. He found the effort that the whole team made most impressive. (what)

1. Form opposites by adding correct prefixes.

(Tạo các từ trái nghĩa bằng cách thêm vào tiếp đầu ngữ đúng.)

dis- il- im- in- ir- un-

1. illegal

2. regular

3. possible

4. able

5. agree

6. believe

7. responsible

8. literate

9. accurate

10. conscious

11. mature

2. Complete the definitions with words formed by adding prefixes to the words in capitals.

(Hoàn thành các định nghĩa với từ được tạo thành bằng cách thêm vào tiếp đầu ngữ cho từ được in hoa.)

1. after the WAR                                 post-war

2. the opposite of ALLOW

3. having many COLOURS

4. BEHAVE badly

5. PAID too little

6. in favour of DEMOCRACY

7. WORK too much

8. against NUCLEAR

9. before the ELECTION

10. extremely SENSFIVE

11. not PERFECT

3. Complete the words in bold with the correct prefixes.

(Hoàn thành các từ in đậm với các tiếp đầu ngữ đúng.)

1. The effects of the drought seem to have been underestimated - the current situation is much worse than we initially thought.

2. If you insist on behaving so ___responsibly, David, it is impossible for me to treat you like an adult.

3. My grandma remained ___married for 65 years before she finally met John and they decided to become husband and wife.

4. If you ___cook meat, there is a risk that dangerous bacteria are left in the areas that don't get hot.

5 Warning: Your anti-virus programme has been ___abled and your computer could be at risk.

6. The government has been criticised by environmental organisations for being ___willing to spend more on protecting marine wildlife.

7. Are you sure this is a reliable website? In my opinion, the author is just spreading ___information to attract more readers.

4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the root words in brackets.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của các từ gốc ở trong ngoặc.)

1. Refugees who have entered the country illegally (legal) are currently treated as criminals.

2. With the correct training techniques, even the most _____ (obey) dogs can be taught to behave.

3. Our English teacher says my essay will have to be _____ (write) because he can't read my handwriting.

4. I _____ (understand) the care instructions for my shirt and shrank it in the washing machine.

5. I managed to delete most of the unnecessary apps that came _____ (install) on my phone.

6. If there is even the smallest _____ (perfect) in one of our products, this software will detect it.

7. Speaking no fewer than five languages, Pierre is truly _____ (lingual).

8. If you suffer from skin problems, try our new _____ (acne) face wash for instant results.

9. Our neighbour's cat is so skinny that I think they must be _____ (feed) it.

10. This paragraph of your essay is completely _____ (relevant), so I think you should delete it.

1. Change the underlined words and phrases to make the introduction to a letter to an editor more formal. There may be more than one way to do this.

(Đổi các từ và cụm từ được gạch chân để làm phần mở đầu của bức thứ trang trọng hơn.)

(1) Hi there

(2) I’m (3) getting in touch after reading the article in your (4) paper last Thursday about the positive effects of tourism on a country's economy. I (5) want to tell you that tourism can do terrible damage to the environment and areas of natural beauty.

1. Dear Editor / Dear Sir or Madam

2.

3.

4.

5. 

2. Choose the correct words and phrases to complete the rest of the letter in Exercise 1.

(Chọn từ và cụm từ đúng để hoàn thành phần còn lại của bức thứ trong bài 1.)

(1) Having recently spent / I have recently spent a week on holiday in a resort town, I have personally seen the effects of development for tourism. As (2) the/a result, more and more high-rise hotels have been built. In addition, roads, an airport, shops and restaurants support the increased demands for transport and services. The outcome (3) of/with such development is that beautiful landscapes and natural habitats have become irreparably damaged.

There is (4) no/without a doubt that tourist facilities consume massive amounts of water and electricity. At a time when global warming is making the planet hotter and drier, water resources should not be wasted, as this could (5) result/lead to shortages. Furthermore, burning fossil fuels to generate electricity contribute to global warming. Unless hotels and businesses use renewable energy, they add to this ever-growing problem.

Holidays are now (6) so/such an affordable that record numbers of people are travelling and the negative impacts of tourism can only become worse. To my mind, (7) in spite of/ even though tourism has led to economic growth, it has also played a major role in the destruction of the environment and will continue to do so in the future.

Your faithfully,

3. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.

although          as         being               despite             having             without            in         so         such

1. As a consequence of global warming, sea levels are rising and coastal areas are in danger.

2. Climate change is _____ a terrible threat that we need global cooperation to fight it.

3. _____ gathered all of my old newspapers and magazines, I put them into the recycling bin.

4. The people of the village are very generous, _____ the fact that they have very little.

5. _____ an important part of the food chain, bees must be protected so that they can continue to pollinate plants.

6. Our responses to the climate crisis are _____ inadequate that I wonder how long it will be before humans can no longer live on Earth.

7. The use of solar panels results _____ lower energy costs for homes and businesses.

8. _____ a doubt, a great deal is being done by zoos to protect endangered species.

9. _____ the conditions were dangerous, the climbers continued their ascent of the mountain.

4. Write a letter to the editor (180-200 words) to describe the effects of and solutions to climate change.

(Viết một lá thư đến biên tập (180 – 200 từ) để mô tả tác động và cách giải quyết biến đổi khí hậu.)

1. Complete the advice with the words in the box. There are two extra words.

(Hoàn thành lời khuyên với các từ trong hộp. Có hai từ bị dư.)

contact            forget              invite               involved

notes               speed               stand               questions

1. Speak with a clear voice at a natural speed.

2. Make eye _____ with the audience.

3. Ask the audience questions to keep them _____.

4. Have some _____ with you, but don't read them.

5. If you _____ something, keep going. Nobody knows what you were planning to say anyway!

6. When you finish, thank the audience for listening and _____ questions.

2. Put the words in order to complete the extracts from presentations. Then match them to the next thing that is said.

(Xếp các từ theo thứ tự để hoàn thành đoạn trích từ bài thuyết trình. Sau đó nối chúng vào phần tiếp theo được nói ra.)

1. you / how / ever / about / thought / have

Have you ever thought about how your mobile phone actually works?

2. why /to talk about/ you / wondering / may / be / I've chosen

_____________ British electronic music today. Well, let me explain ...

3. probably / all / are / familiar / we / with

_____________ the Apollo moon landing of 1969.

4. that / might / know / not / you

_____________, according to astronauts returning from space walks, space smells like 'hot metal’.

5. all / from / that's / me

_____________. Thank you all for listening.

6. to ask now / feel free / please / questions / any / anyone / has / if

_____________.

a. Some of you may also know that certain groups believe the whole mission was faked.

b. I hope you have learnt a few new things about your own amazing brain today.

c. Thanks for an interesting presentation. I want to ask what your personal opinion on music piracy is.

d. Many of the most influential electronic musicians of the last thirty years actually come from the UK.

e. The odour has also been compared to frying steak.

f. How is it possible that this little machine in your pocket can connect you with any place or person in the world?

3.  Put the extracts from the beginning and the ending of a presentation in a logical order.

(Xếp các đoạn trích từ phần đầu và phần cuối của một bài thuyết trình theo đúng thứ tự.)

Beginning

A. Have you ever tried holding your breath for more than a minute? It's not easy, is it? Well, today

B. but did you know that the world record holder is able to hold his breath for almost ten minutes?

C. get going. Now, perhaps some of you have heard of an extreme sport called free diving.

D. I plan to explain how we can all train ourselves to easily hold our breath for longer. So, let's

E. You may be aware that free divers are able to stay under water for several minutes at a time.

Ending

A. OK everyone, that's

B. please feel free to do so now.

C. for listening, and I hope

D. If you would like to ask any questions

E. all from me. I'd like to thank you

F. that you found the presentation interesting.

1. Choose the correct words to complete the text.

(Chọn từ đúng để hoàn thành đoạn văn.)

Dear Editor,

I am writing to express my concern about the air and water pollution and the natural (1) ground / habitat/ plain of the animals living in the area.

Firstly, it must be emphasised that factories continue to release high levels of dangerous gases into the atmosphere and the (2) extinction / migration / contamination is terrible. Once in the air, the gases react with water molecules and fall onto the ground in the form of acid rain, This rain can destroy farmers’ crops and kill fruit trees in the (3) meadows / orchards /  foothills. We must stop this before it causes (4) irreparable / reputable / undervalued damage.

Another serious problem is the (5) single-use / once-used / only-time plastic which has found its way into our river, This has killed many fish, disrupting the (6) food species / connection / chain and it must stop!

I hope that all these problems can be solved promptly.

Yours faithfully,

Michael Preston

2. Complete the sentences with the phrases in the box.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với các từ trong hộp.)

breeding ground          extreme hunger           thriving population

built-up areas              ploughed fields           water shortages

1. Due to the drought, there are serious water shortages in the area which have affected crops and animals.

2. The farmer spent all day in the sun preparing the land for growing crops and by evening, the _____ were ready.

3. The river water in this remote area is so clean that there is a _____ of fish.

4. Most job opportunities are in cities and other _____, so many people must live and work there.

5. So little food is grown in the area that the people suffer from _____ and something must be done to help them.

6. There are strict laws to protect the _____ of the turtle so that it may continue to lay eggs there.

3.  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms where possible.

1. I wish Joe didn't bring (not / bring) stray animals home. Instead, he should ring an animal shelter.

2. In my opinion, it's high time the factory _____ (stop) polluting our city. Actually, it should be closed down.

3. If only you _____, (not / throw out) the old books. They could have all been recycled.

4. I'd rather Maria _____ (plant) more roses in the front garden this spring. They'll look really nice.

5. David wishes he _____ (not / sell) his tent because he can't go camping now.

6. Don't you wish you _____ (install) solar panels when you built your new house?

4.   Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

(Tìm và sửa lại lỗi sai trong các câu sau.)

1. We had to decide what to do at the weekend. And it was the dog show what we chose in the end. that / which

2. Under any circumstances are you allowed to leave your children unattended at the zoo.

3. Not before have we experienced worse weather conditions on our skiing holiday than last winter.

4. It's not serious. All happened was that Kim forgot to ask someone to water her plants while she was away. That's why she is upset.

5. There was James who rescued the cat. He's an animal lover and does all he can to help them.

6. If only have you left all the lights on, but you've also forgotten to turn the TV off.

5. Complete each sentence with one or two words.

1. What an awful day it is today! If only it wasn't so cold and wet.

2. Island holidays are nice, but I _____ we went hiking in the countryside like we did last summer.

3. I wish I _____ volunteer to help at the local animal shelter, but I'm too busy these days.

4. _____ I find annoying is that the local council provides so few recycling bins.