a. Lisa wrote to the Youth Lead the Change project. Is her project for...
(Lisa đã viết thư cho dự án Youth Lead the Change. Là dự án của cô ấy cho ...)
1. young people and children?
2. everyone?
HARTMOUTH - YOUTH FOR CHANGE
Dear Sir/Madam,
My name is Lisa Bolton and I think the project Green Spaces for All will help improve Hartmouth.
Many people live in apartments or small houses without any yards. There are not enough green spaces for them to use. I think we should use the money from the city budget to build more parks around the city. They can be a safe place for all people to enjoy, and they will make our city's air cleaner.
We can buy exercise equipment and put it in the parks, then people will not have to pay to use a gym. We can also build basketball courts and skateboard parks. Teenagers can hang out there, so they can have something fun to do. The parks can have play equipment and sandboxes for young children, so they can play safely while their parents watch.
Finally, the parks will make our city a healthier place to live. Studies show that trees and plants improve air quality. It is very bad right now because of the traffic.
I hope you will consider my suggestion.
Yours faithfully,
Lisa Bolton
Tạm dịch:
Thưa ông/bà,
Tên tôi là Lisa Bolton và tôi nghĩ dự án Green Spaces for All sẽ giúp cải thiện Hartmouth.
Nhiều người sống trong các căn hộ hoặc nhà nhỏ mà không có sân. Không có đủ không gian xanh cho họ sử dụng. Tôi nghĩ chúng ta nên sử dụng tiền từ ngân sách thành phố để xây dựng thêm nhiều công viên xung quanh thành phố. Chúng có thể là một nơi an toàn cho tất cả mọi người tận hưởng, và chúng sẽ làm cho không khí của thành phố chúng ta trong sạch hơn.
Chúng ta có thể mua các thiết bị tập thể dục và đặt nó trong các công viên, sau đó mọi người sẽ không phải trả tiền để sử dụng một phòng tập thể dục. Chúng tôi cũng có thể xây dựng sân bóng rổ và công viên trượt ván. Thanh thiếu niên có thể đi chơi ở đó, vì vậy họ có thể có một cái gì đó thú vị để làm. Các công viên có thể có thiết bị vui chơi và hộp cát cho trẻ nhỏ, vì vậy chúng có thể chơi một cách an toàn trong khi cha mẹ chúng xem.
Cuối cùng, các công viên sẽ làm cho thành phố của chúng ta trở thành một nơi trong lành hơn để sống. Các nghiên cứu cho thấy cây cối và thực vật cải thiện chất lượng không khí. Nó rất tệ ngay bây giờ vì giao thông.
Tôi hy vọng bạn sẽ xem xét đề nghị của tôi.
Trân trọng,
Lisa Bolton
Đáp án: 2. everyone?
Her project is for everyone.
(Dự án của cô ấy dành cho mọi người.)
Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề
Volunteering in a community
(Làm công tác tình nguyên trong cộng đồng)
1. Listen and read.
(Nghe và đọc.)
Kim: Hi, Tam. I went to your house at 9 am, but you weren't there.
Tam: Oh, when you came, I was working as a volunteer at our local centre for community development.
Kim: Ah, I see. How did you become a volunteer there?
Tam: Just by chance. Last summer, while I was visiting the centre, I saw an advertisement for volunteers. I applied and my application was successful.
Kim: I also want to be a volunteer. I find community work very interesting.
Tam: I agree. Community service not only benefits the local area, but can also boost our confidence and help us learn many useful skills.
Kim: What are the regular activities organised by the centre?
Tam: Oh, there are endless opportunities for getting involved. For example, you can join a local environmental group to clean up the park once a week or volunteer at an orphanage.
Kim: Sounds good. How can I apply?
Tam: I'll email you the form. You just fill it in and send it in.
Kim: Thanks so much. I'm so excited about volunteering at the centre.
Tam: No problem. Good luck. Hope your application is successful and you enjoy the work.
2. Read the conversation again and answer the questions.
(Đọc lại đoạn hội thoại và trả lời các câu hỏi.)
1. What was Tam doing when Kim went to her house?
(Tâm đã làm gì khi Kim đến nhà cô?)
2. What are some regular activities at the centre for community development?
(Một số hoạt động thường xuyên tại trung tâm vì sự phát triển cộng đồng là gì?)
3. How can Kim apply for volunteer work at the centre?
(Kim có thể xin làm tình nguyện viên tại trung tâm như thế nào?)
3. Find adjectives with the following suffixes in the conversation and write them below.
(Tìm các tính từ với các hậu tố sau trong bài hội thoại và viết chúng vào bên dưới.)
-ed: ___________
-ing: __________
-ful: ___________
-less: __________
4. Find a verb or verb phrase in the conversation to complete each sentence.
(Tìm một động từ hoặc cụm động từ trong cuộc hội thoại để hoàn thành mỗi câu.)
1. Oh, when you came, I _______ as a volunteer at our local centre for community development.
2. Last summer, while I was visiting the centre, I _____ an advertisement for volunteer.
2. Read the text and choose the main idea.
(Đọc văn bản và chọn ý chính.)
A. The writer's secondary school has a long and interesting history.
B. The Volunteer Club was set up 15 years ago to help teens gain work experience.
C. The club organises many volunteering activities that benefit both the community and the students.
I joined the Volunteer Club when I started secondary school. The club was formed fifteen years ago, shortly after the school was set up. Since then, it has organised various volunteering activities for all students to participate.
One of the most popular activities of our club is selling handmade items to raise money for the local orphanage and homeless old people. Last year, we also raised over one hundred million VND to help people in flooded areas. The money was used to buy warm clothes, blankets, food, and clean water.
Our club welcomes different types of donations: clothes, picture books, unused notebooks, and other unwanted items. At the end of each month, we take the donations to the community centre. Our club also organises afterschool games for the children at the orphanage and concerts for the old people at the centre. In addition, it offers other volunteering activities, such as helping at a food bank or delivering free meals to poor families.
Volunteering has helped me gain life experiences and find my sense of purpose in life. When I see suffering and hardships, I feel thankful for what I have. What is more, these activities provide opportunities for me to meet other teenagers with similar interests and help me build essential life skills.
4. Read the text again. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F).
(Đọc văn bản một lần nữa. Quyết định xem các câu sau đây là Đúng (T) hay Sai (F).)
|
|
T |
F |
|
1. The Volunteer Club was set up long after the school was opened |
|
|
|
2. All students can join different volunteering activities. |
|
|
|
3. The money collected from selling handmade items is used to build a local centre for orphans and homeless old people. |
|
|
|
4. Students can volunteer at the orphanage or the community centre. |
|
|
|
5. Club members can also help cook free meals for poor families. |
|
|
An announcement for volunteer positions
(Thông báo cho các vị trí tình nguyện viên)
1. Read the job advert and answer the questions.
(Đọc quảng cáo tuyển dụng và trả lời các câu hỏi.)
|
CITY CENTRE for COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Needs Volunteers! - Interested in community development projects? - Have a couple of hours to spare at the weekend? -> Apply now!!! Location: Cay Giay, Ha Noi Email: communitydevelopment@webmail.com |
1. Who needs volunteers? (Ai cần tình nguyện viên?)
2. Who can apply for the job? (Ai có thể nộp đơn ứng tuyển cho công việc?)
Save the Childen (Cứu giúp trẻ em)
1. Read the text below and complete the diagram about Save the children.
(Đọc văn bản dưới đây và hoàn thành sơ đồ về Cứu trẻ em.)
Save the Children is an international non-governmental organisation that helps improve children's lives. It was set up in the United Kingdom in 1919, and now it is working in 120 countries around the world.
Save the Children started its work in Viet Nam in 1990. It provides practical support in different areas. One of the areas that the organisation particularly focuses on is education. It has organised different training courses to help teachers improve their teaching skills and use digital technology in their classrooms. It is also working on projects that create more opportunities for children in remote areas to go to school. By providing these children with books and other school materials, Save the Children makes sure they have access to learning. In addition, the organisation offers training on life-saving skills for both teachers and students in case of disasters. Children and households in need can also receive support from Save the Children.
1. Read the text. Match the highlighted words with their meanings.
(Đọc văn bản. Nối các từ được đánh dấu với nghĩa của chúng.)
There are two types of community service. The first one is a kind of punishment. For example, people who litter may be forced to clean up the streets. In this case, they may not feel happy about the work. The second type of community service is voluntary. This means people are willing, or pleased to do the work. For instance, people may volunteer to build houses for poor people, or raise money for children in mountainous areas.
However, it does not mean that volunteering is always a selfless act because volunteers may also benefit from the volunteering activities. For example, they may volunteer to meet new people, to develop social skills, or to find themselves' (learn what they truly want in life). In general, people may volunteer not just to help others, but also to help themselves.
|
Words |
Meanings |
|
1. voluntary |
a. caring more about other people |
|
2. willing |
b. ready to do something |
|
3. selfless |
c. done without being forced to do it |
2. Read the text again and choose the best answer.
(Đọc lại văn bản và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất.)
1. Which is the best title for this text?
A. Community service as a punishment
B. Types of community service and its benefits
C. Social skills in volunteering
2. According to the text, what is a benefit of volunteering?
A. Developing better English language skills
B. Meeting richer people
C. Better understanding of what you want in life
3. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Volunteers think about their needs as well as the needs of others.
B. Volunteers are selfless people who never expect anything in return.
C. People mainly volunteer to gain benefits.
a. Read the notice at Đà Nẵng Sports Center. What is the purpose of the notice?
(Đọc thông báo tại Trung tâm TDTT Đà Nẵng. Mục đích của thông báo là gì?)
1. to tell members how to use the center
(để các thành viên biết cách sử dụng trung tâm)
2. to tell members about what they can do at the center
(để nói với các thành viên về những gì họ có thể làm ở trung tâm)
Đà Nẵng Sports Center - Get Fit and Have Fun!
Thank you for using Đà Nẵng Sports Center. We would like to remind everyone of the following guidelines:
1. Cards must be shown by all members at the front desk.
2. Money should be kept in a locker. Locker keys are at the front desk.
3. Gym equipment should not be taken out of the gym. Members should not use their own gym equipment.
4. All gym equipment must be cleaned after use.
5. Sports clothing must be worn by all members using the center.
6. Sports equipment can be rented at the front desk (40,000 VND/hour).
7. All rented sports equipment should be returned to the front desk after use.
8. Tennis courts may be booked up to two days before use (220,000 VND/hour).
Thank you for your understanding. If you have any questions relating to sports equipment, please ask the gym staff.
For all other questions, please ask at the front desk.
b. Now, read and circle True, False, or Doesn't say.
(b. Bây giờ, hãy đọc và khoanh tròn Đúng, Sai hoặc Không nói.)
|
1. Every member has a member card. 2. The gym owns all the equipment members can use there. 3. Members must wear swimming caps in the pool. 4. It costs 20,000 VND to rent sports equipment for each hour. |
True False Doesn’t say True False Doesn’t say True False Doesn’t say True False Doesn’t say |
b. Now, read and circle the answers.
(Bây giờ, hãy đọc và khoanh tròn các câu trả lời.)
1. What do many people not have?
yards / apartments
2. Where can exercise equipment be put?
in gyms / in the park
3. What can teenagers do?
use the skateboard parks/ play in the sandboxes
4. What will be improved in the city?
traffic / air quality
Reading
Look and read. Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).
(Nhìn và đọc. Chọn câu trả lời đúng (A, B hoặc C).)
1. Look at the name and the logo of the organisation in the text. Who do you think it helps? Listen and read to find out.
(Nhìn vào tên và biểu tượng của tổ chức trong văn bản. Bạn nghĩ tổ chức đó sẽ giúp được ai? Nghe và đọc để tìm ra.)
2. Read the text and complete the sentences.
(Đọc văn bản và hoàn thành các câu sau.)
1. The aim of UNICEF is _____________________.
2. UNICEF gets support from _____________________.
3. Celebrity ambassadors help _____________________.
4. UNICEF’s support against Covid-19 includes _____________________.
Making a difference
There are many charities that are working hard to help people in need around the world. UNICEF is one of them.
The United Nations introduced UNICEF in 1946 and it has protected the rights of children ever since. UNICEF is short for the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund and its purpose is to provide support to children around the world. The organisation works in over 190 countries. In the beginning, this charity worked to improve the lives of poor children after World War II. Today, UNICEF works to make sure children everywhere have basic rights, such as food, shelter, healthcare and education. The organisation also provides emergency support by helping people in disaster areas. UNICEF receives support from governments and private givers.
Many famous people have helped out by becoming celebrity ambassadors to UNICEF. They use their talent and fame to educate the public on the problems faced by children worldwide. Recently, the charity has provided clean water to millions of people. It has also given millions of children access to education and helped them get enough to eat. In the battle against Covid-19, UNICEF has helped in many countries around the world by delivering protective equipment, vaccines and medical training. Through its programmes, UNICEF is making a difference in improving the lives of children everywhere.
3. Read the text again and decide if each of the statements (1–4) is T (true) or F (false).
(Đọc lại văn bản và quyết định xem mỗi câu (1–4) là T (đúng) hay F (sai).)
1. UNICEF works only in a few very poor countries. ________
2. The organisation helps people who have experienced natural disasters. ________
3. UNICEF helps people get access to clean water. ________
4. UNICEF helps provide medical treatment to children. ________
2. Read and listen to the dialogue. What concerns Jane? What do they decide to do?
(Đọc và nghe đối thoại. Điều gì khiến Jane lo lắng? Họ quyết định làm gì?)
Kate: Hi, Jane! How are you?
Jane: Oh, hello, Kate! I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call yesterday, but I was at my neighbour’s house. I’m a bit concerned about her.
Kate: What’s happened to her?
Jane: Well, nothing, but she’s 87 years old and she has no family. What concerns me is that she just eats junk food and snacks.
Kate: Why don’t you cook her some food?
Jane: That’s a good idea!
Kate: I can help you!
Jane: Thanks! How about tomorrow afternoon?
Kate: Sure. Let’s meet at your house at 5:00 p.m.
2. Answer the questions.
(Trả lời các câu hỏi.)
1. Who is the letter from?
2. Who is the letter for?
3. What opening/closing remarks has Ann used?
4. Look at the letter. Which paragraph ...
– is about the activities they have done/ haven’t done?
– has an invitation?
– gives details about the event?
2. Read the text and mark the statements true (T) or false (F).
(Đọc bài viết và xác định những câu dưới là đúng (T) hay sai (F).)
You want to help the needy, but you are not sure what to do. Here is a short list of things you can prepare to donate to the homeless shelters.
Shampoo and soap are very useful for needy people. Don't forget things like hair brushes, toothbrushes and toothpaste.
The shelters need to provide first-aid kits to their guests. Think about how many times you need something like a plaster. You can donate plasters and other medical supplies to help the needy.
If you have extra blankets, wash them and bring them to the shelters. A fresh and clean blanket can keep someone warm.
Warm clothes are particularly useful in the winter. Please donate jeans and jackets in good condition. Most homeless shelters need more men's clothes than women's clothes. If you have an old pair of jeans, there will certainly be someone who could use them.
1. Homeless shelters need toiletries. T/F
2. First-aid kits have plasters and other medical supplies. T/F
3. Blankets can help the needy stay warm. T/F
4. Homeless shelters need more men's clothes than women's clothes. T/F
5. Homeless shelters always need men's jeans. T/F
3. Complete the sentences with red words from the text. Change the word form if necessary. Then listen, check, and repeat.
(Hoàn thành các câu sau với những từ in đỏ ở bài đọc. Thay đổi từ loại nếu cần. Sau đó nghe, kiểm tra và đọc theo.)
1. This_______ helps out over 100 people every week with meals and clothing.
2. We gave a_________family some warm blankets and food.
3. Don't forget to take a__________ with us when we go camping.
4. You can buy many basic________, such as plaster, at a chemist's.
5. Those_______ will be useful when it gets colder.
6. We should_________ some food to the community centre this weekend.
2. Read the text and answer the questions.
(Đọc bài và trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây.)
Where should you go if you:
1. want to spend time in a park?
2. love nature?
3. like working with plants and trees?
4. don't mind removing rubbish?
Who should you:
5. call?
6. email?
NEIGHBOURHOOD CLEAN UP
Let's make a difference and clean up our community!
Bournemouth City Council is excited to announce the 14th annual Neighbourhood Clean Up Program.
Everyone who works or lives in the city of Bournemouth can improve our quality of lives. It's our community, and it's our chance to make a difference to benefit everyone. The 14th annual Neighbourhood Clean Up event will occur on Saturday, 12 August, 2021, from 09.00–11.00 a.m. Volunteers should gather in front of the fire station at 1833 High Street. Parking is free and provided at William's Community Centre across the street. All tools and supplies are provided. We have four types of activities to choose. We need 10–15 volunteers for each activity:
-
Tree planting along the northern motorway. Our aim is to plant 55 trees donated by Jamie's Nursery.
-
Rubbish removal in the vacant lot next to Saint Peter's Hospital. We want to remove all the rubbish. A truck will transport the rubbish to a local dump.
-
Wright Park has plenty of litter which needs to be removed. We need to start by emptying the rubbish bins, then picking up the litter. A free lunch is provided.
-
The Jackson Nature Trail needs volunteers to lead nature tours. A guidebook and a trainer will help you. You just need to love nature.
For further information or to register for your favourite activity, please call Peter at 01202 318933 or email Mark at info@bournemouth cleanup.org.
3. Read the text again and choose the correct answer.
(Đọc lại bài một lần nữa và trả lời những câu hỏi sau.)
1. Volunteers will gather ________.
A. on Sunday
B. in the afternoon
C. in the morning
2. Volunteers will meet at ________.
A. the Fire station
B. William's Community Centre
C. Bournemouth City Council
3. Jamie's Nursery donated ________.
A. trees
B. tools
C. supplies
4. Next to Saint Peter's Hospital there is a ________.
A. community centre
B. free parking
C. vacant lot
5. Nature tour leaders will receive ________.
A. 55 trees
B. a guidebook
C. a free lunch
4. Complete the sentences with the highlighted words / phrases from the text.
(Dùng những từ được đánh dấu trong đoạn văn để hoàn thành các câu sau.)
1. Charity work does _______ to the lives of the needy.
2. Many _______ in my community are high school students.
3. Our community centre needs more _______ to help the homeless.
4. The volunteers and the street children both _______ from charity work.
5. You can _______ online to become a volunteer.
1. Read the text. If you were Nam, what activities would you like to help out the most?
(Đọc bài viết. Nếu bạn là Nam, bạn sẽ muốn chọn hoạt động nào để tham gia nhất?)
My friend, Lan, and I decided to join a program called “Clean Up Your Neighbourhood”. Every Sunday, we clean up different places in our city. We first meet at 09.30 at a park or vacant lot. Some community leaders divide us into groups and give us equipment and a task. I'd like to join in the group that paints the fences. The fences used to be white, but now they are grey. We must paint them three times to make them white again. Lan usually picks up litter. She doesn't like it and prefers planting trees. But sometimes there are no trees to plant. However, they received new trees from the sponsor and the community leader let her plant them. We finish around noon and have lunch together. I am quite proud of our work. Now, the parks and lots look a lot better, and I know I helped out. Everyone should join in and improve our community.
1. In pairs, read the text. Discuss:
(Theo cặp, đọc đoạn văn. Thảo luận)
1. What are the functions of the underlined sentences in the text?
(Tác dụng của những câu được gạch chân trong văn bản là gì?)
2. What are the four advantages of doing charity work mentioned in the text?
(Bốn lợi ích của việc là thiện nguyện được đề cập trong đoạn văn là những lợi ích nào?)
You can change the world
Doing charity work helps us in a number of ways. There is something special about helping others. It makes us feel better. It might come from the smile we see on someone's face who we have just helped. Doing charity work gives us opportunities to meet new people and learn new skills. The people we meet might become our good friends in the future. We can also learn new skills that can help us in our own lives. We also learn how to empathize with others from charity work. We can better understand the problems that needy people face and can help find solutions. What is probably most important about doing charity work is that it changes lives. Needy people, street children, the elderly, and people with disabilities can have better lives when we give them a little bit of our time. In short, doing charity, doing charity work benefits everyone.
2. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer.
(Chọn đáp án đúng cho các câu hỏi từ 1 đến 5.)
1. Charity work helps us in _______.
A. only a few ways
B. different ways
C. many communities
2. We feel better when we _______.
A. help others
B. learn new skills
C. meet new people
3. The skills we learn from doing charity work may _______.
A. benefit the needy
B. help us later
C. help our community
4. Doing charity work helps us _______.
A. raise money
B. find solutions
C. better understand others
5. Charity work can help _______.
A. the environment
B. young people
C. improve lives
1. Read the text and choose the best answers. (5 pts)
(Đọc văn bản và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. (5 điểm))
There are a lot of volunteering opportunities for teenagers. For example, they could (29)________charity projects organised by their school or community. Volunteer activities such as picking up (30) ________ to make their local area a cleaner and nicer place for everyone are good ideas too. They can also help neighbours in need, especially old or (31) ________ people by doing their daily shopping or just stopping by to have a chat. Finally, teenagers can donate things. It doesn't always have to be money. Charities can (32) ________ from items teenagers no longer need, such as unwanted clothing, books or toys. Sometimes, a small thing for one person can (33) ________ a lot in another person's life.
29.
A. make (làm)
C. join (tham gia)
B. create (chế tạo)
D. found (thành lập)
30.
A. litter (rác)
C. books (sách vở)
B. fruits (hoa quả)
D. money (tiền)
31.
A. generous (hào phóng)
B. disabled (người tàn tật)
C. young (trẻ tuổi)
D. remote (xa xôi)
32.
A. benefit (lợi ích)
B. invent (phát minh)
C. donate (quyên góp)
D. volunteer (tình nguyện viên)
33.
A. mean (ý nghĩa)
C.give (đưa)
B. say (nói)
D. understand (hiểu)
2. Read the text and choose the best answers. (6 pts)
(Đọc văn bản và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất. (6 điểm))
Sometimes, accidents can lead to wonderful inventions, such as in the cases below.
Post-It Notes
In 1968, Dr. Spencer Silver was trying to invent super strong glue which cried immediately. However, he was not successful and could only invent a very weak glue that never seemed to dry. And that was how the Post-it note was invented by chance.
Coca-Cola
In 1886, John Pemberton was trying to find a cure for headaches. He tried to mix together some ingredients, but when his lab assistant added fizzy water by accident, the world's first Coca-Cola was born.
Crisps
In 1853, a chef named George Crum received complaints from a customer at his restaurant that the fried potatoes he cooked were too thick and bland. He was so annoyed that he decided to slice the potatoes as thin as possible, fry them and add a lot of salt. To his surprise, the customer loved the dish, and we have also loved it until today as well!
34. Which is the best title for this text?
A. Best inventions in the world
B. Inventions made by luck
C. Inventions from hard work
D. Foods discovered by accident
35. Who helped invent Coca-Cola?
A. A scientist
C. A chef
B. A teacher
D. A lab assistant
36. Which is the most recent invention?
A. Post-it notes
B. Coca-Cola
C. Crisps
D. No information is given in the text.
37. Which can be implied from the Post-it notes invention?
A. Post-it notes could dry quickly.
B. Failure can actually be success.
C. Dr. Spencer was happy with the final result.
D. Dr. Spencer never succeeded in finding a strong glue in his life.
38. In which case the invention was made by more than one person?
A. Post-it notes
C. Crisps
B. Coca-Cola
D. None of the above.
39. In which case something was created when the inventor was unhappy?
A. Post-it notes
C. Crisps
B. Coca-Cola
D. None of the above
1. Read the text and choose the best answers.
(Đọc văn bản và chọn câu trả lời đúng nhất.)
Nowadays more and more teenagers are getting involved in community activities. Some may join different charity groups to help the needy (1)________ their neighbourhoods or other areas. (2)_________ may set up volunteer clubs at their schools and develop their own plans to help people in the community. These may include various community activities, (3)________ donating old clothes, cleaning up the environment, and organising after-school activities for children.
When teenagers take part in community activities, they gain numerous benefits. (4)________ they come into contact with other teenagers (5)________ share similar interests. Second, teenagers can learn (6)________ improve essential life skills. And, finally community activities can increase (7)________ self-confidence and boost their well-being.
|
1. A. in 2. A. Other 3. A. examples 4. A. At first 5. A. who 6. A. so 7. A. teenager |
B. on B. Others B. such a B. At the beginning B. whom B. but B. teenager's |
C. at C. The other C. such as C. First of all C. which C. and C. teenagers |
D. between D. Another D. that is D. First D. whose D. because D. teenagers |
