5. Work in two groups. Take turns to say aloud one of the places in the table. The other group explains or gives more information about it. The team that has the most correct sentences wins.
(Làm việc theo hai nhóm. Lần lượt nói to một trong các vị trí trong bảng. Nhóm còn lại giải thích hoặc cung cấp thêm thông tin về điều đó. Đội nào có nhiều câu đúng nhất sẽ chiến thắng.)
|
Place (Địa điểm) |
Feature (Đặc điểm) |
Feature (Đặc điểm) |
|
The Nile (Sông Nin) |
longest river (con sông dài nhất) |
flows into the Mediterranean Sea (chảy vào biển Địa Trung Hải) |
|
Pacific Ocean (Thái Bình Dương) |
covers 30% of planet surface (bao phủ 30% bề mặt hành tinh) |
largest ocean (đại dương lớn nhất) |
|
Viet Nam (Việt Nam) |
has the shape of letter S (có hình chữ S) |
has a long coastline (có bờ biển dài) |
|
The Sahara (Sa mạc Sahara) |
largest desert (sa mạc lớn nhất) |
has almost no rainfall (hầu như không có mưa) |
|
Mount Fansipan (Đỉnh Fanxipan) |
highest peak in Viet Nam (đỉnh cao nhất Việt Nam) |
also called the 'Roof of Indochina' (còn được mệnh danh là 'Nóc nhà Đông Dương') |
Example: (Ví dụ)
A: The Nile
(Sông Nile)
B: The Nile, which is the longest river, flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
(Sông Nile, con sông dài nhất, chảy vào biển Địa Trung Hải.)
1.
A: Pacific Ocean
(Thái Bình Dương)
B: The Pacific Ocean, which covers 30% of the planet surface, is the largest ocean.
(Thái Bình Dương, chiếm 30% bề mặt hành tinh, là đại dương lớn nhất.)
2.
B: Viet Nam
(Việt Nam)
A: Viet Nam, which has the shape of letter S, has a long coastline.
(Việt Nam có hình chữ S, có đường bờ biển dài.)
3.
A: The Sahara
(Sa mạc Sahara)
B: The Sahara, which is the largest desert, has almost no rainfall.
(Sahara, sa mạc lớn nhất, hầu như không có lượng mưa.)
4.
B: Mount Fansipan
(Đỉnh Fanxipan)
A: Mount Fansipan, which is the highest peak in Viet Nam, also called the 'Roof of Indochina'.
(Đỉnh Fanxipan, đỉnh núi cao nhất Việt Nam, còn được gọi là 'Nóc nhà Đông Dương'.)
Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
The Taj Mahal, ________is recognized as one of the wonders of the world, was built by an Indian King in memory of his beloved wife.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
Louis Pasteur,________ discovered a cure for rabies, was a French scientist.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
Mexico City, _________is the capital of Mexico, is a cosmopolitan city.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
We came within sight of Everest, _______has attracted so many climbers.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
I read about the child ___________life was saved by her pet dog.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
The police have to try to catch the men ____drive dangerously.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
There was a small room into ______we all crowded.
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete the sentences.
He showed the house _______he was born and grew up.
Grammar
Non-defining relative clauses
(Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định)
1. Complete the sentences with correct relative pronouns.
(Hoàn thành câu với đại từ quan hệ đúng.)
1. Planet Earth, _______ is also called the Blue Planet, is covered with water and land.
2. Peter Molnar, _______ has done many studies on climate change, is one of the best-known Earth scientists.
3. Neil Armstrong, _______ trip to the moon marked a giant leap for mankind, was the first to walk on the moon.
4. Suoi Thau, _______ is in Ha Giang, is one of the most gorgeous grasslands in Viet Nam.
5. People often do green things to protect Earth on the Earth Day, _______ is celebrated on 22nd April.
2. Underline the relative clauses. Tick (✔) if the relative clause can be omitted.
(Gạch chân các mệnh đề quan hệ. Đánh dấu (✔) nếu mệnh đề quan hệ có thể được lược bỏ.)
1. The second planet from the Sun is Venus, which is sometimes called the Earth's sister.
2. The ocean, which is the body of salt water, contains 97% of Earth's water.
3. Landforms make up the areas which include mountains, hills, plains, and plateaus.
4. One of the world's most famous Earth scientists is James Hutton, who is a British geologist.
5. Arctic Ocean ice and water make up a habitat for polar bears, whose main food is seals.
3. Complete each sentence (1-5) with a non-defining relative clause (A - E).
(Hoàn thành mỗi câu (1-5) bằng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (A - E).)
A. which is a Germanic word
(đó là một từ tiếng Đức)
B. which is also called the Red Planet
(còn được gọi là Hành tinh Đỏ)
C. whose radius is nearly 4 million miles
(có bán kính gần 4 triệu dặm)
D. who explained ecological balance to us
(người đã giải thích sự cân bằng sinh thái cho chúng ta)
E. which has a large collection of animals, birds and reptiles, and unique plants
(nơi có một bộ sưu tập lớn các loài động vật, chim và bò sát cũng như các loài thực vật độc đáo)
1. Mars, _______, is very much similar to Earth.
2. Earth, _______, is the fifth largest planet in our solar system.
3. The name of our planet, _______, simply means "the ground".
4. Cat Ba National Park, _______, is one of the most famous tropical rainforests in Viet Nam.
5. We were interested in the talk by Mr An, _______.
4. Combine the two sentences into one, using a non-defining relative clause.
(Kết hợp hai câu thành một, sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. Its surface is dark.
(Mặt trăng là vệ tinh tự nhiên duy nhất của Trái Đất. Bề mặt của nó có màu tối.)
2. Moonquakes are much weaker than Earthquakes. Moonquakes can last up to half an hour.
(Động đất trên Mặt trăng yếu hơn nhiều so với Động đất trên Trái đất. Trận động đất trên Mặt trăng có thể kéo dài tới nửa giờ.)
3. Mars has mountains and canyons on its surface. It is a rocky planet like Earth.
(Sao Hỏa có núi và hẻm núi trên bề mặt. Đó là một hành tinh đá giống như Trái Đất.)
4. Venus is considered the twin sister of Earth. Venus has a similar size and structure as Earth.
(Sao Kim được coi là chị em song sinh của Trái đất. Sao Kim có kích thước và cấu trúc tương tự Trái Đất.)
5. We should protect rivers and lakes. Rivers and lakes provide humans with their main sources of fresh water.
(Chúng ta nên bảo vệ sông hồ. Sông và hồ cung cấp cho con người nguồn nước ngọt chính.)
Grammar
3. Complete each sentence (1-5) with a non-defining relative clause (A-E).
(Hoàn thành mỗi câu (1-5) bằng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (A-E).)
|
A. who is considered the God of Thunder (người được coi là Thần Sấm) B. which are large and extremely dry areas (là những khu vực rộng lớn và cực kỳ khô hạn) C. whose work in geology is considered very important (có công việc về địa chất được coi là rất quan trọng) D. which is the oldest national park in Viet Nam (đó là vườn quốc gia lâu đời nhất ở Việt Nam) E. which attract many tourists worldwide (nơi thu hút nhiều khách du lịch trên toàn thế giới) |
1. The Alps are a well-known mountain range, _______.
(Dãy núi Alps là một dãy núi nổi tiếng, _______.)
2. Deserts on Earth, _______, hardly get any rain.
(Các sa mạc trên Trái Đất, _______, hầu như không có mưa.)
3. People used to believe that Thor, _______, causes storms and lightning.
(Mọi người từng tin rằng Thor, _______, gây ra bão và sét.)
4. We spent time trekking, bird-watching, and kayaking in Cuc Phuong, _______.
(Chúng tôi dành thời gian đi bộ xuyên rừng, ngắm chim và chèo thuyền kayak ở Cúc Phương, _______.)
5. James Hutton, _______, was one of the first scientists to study geology.
(James Hutton, _______, là một trong những nhà khoa học đầu tiên nghiên cứu về địa chất.)
4. Combine the two sentences into one, using a non-defining relative clause.
(Kết hợp hai câu thành một, sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. Boreal forests cover vast areas in Canada, Alaska, and Russia. They are also called Taiga.
(Rừng phương bắc bao phủ diện tích rộng lớn ở Canada, Alaska và Nga. Chúng còn được gọi là Taiga.)
2. Polar bears are endangered animals. Their natural habitat is the Arctic.
(Gấu Bắc Cực là loài động vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là Bắc Cực.)
3. Julie Arblaster focuses on studying climate change. She is an Australian scientist.
(Julie Arblaster tập trung nghiên cứu biến đổi khí hậu. Cô ấy là một nhà khoa học người Úc.)
4. Antarctica is Earth's least populated continent. It is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.
(Nam Cực là lục địa ít dân cư nhất trên Trái Đất. Nó được bao quanh bởi Nam Đại Dương.)
5. The natural world is the world of living things. Living things include plants and animals.
(Thế giới tự nhiên là thế giới của sinh vật sống. Sinh vật sống bao gồm thực vật và động vật.)
a. Read about using non-defining relative clauses, then read the article again. Underline the non-defining relative clauses.
(Đọc về cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, sau đó đọc lại bài viết. Gạch dưới các mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
b. Rewrite the sentences using non-defining relative clauses and the given relative
(Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định và mệnh đề quan hệ đã cho)
1. The Mayans were an ancient group of people in Mexico. They built Chichén Itzá. (who)
(Người Maya là một nhóm người cổ xưa ở Mexico. Họ đã xây dựng Chichén Itzá)
The Mayans, who built Chichén Itzá, were an ancient group of people in Mexico.
(Người Maya, người đã xây dựng nên Chichén Itzá, là một nhóm người cổ xưa ở Mexico.)
2. Victoria Falls is 1.7 km wide. It is also known as "The Smoke That Thunders" in the local language. (which)
_______________________________________________
3. The Great Barrier Reef is over 2,600 km long. 10% of all fish species live there. (where)
_______________________________________________
4. Guanabara Bay is 31 km long and 28 km wide. It is in Rio de, Brazil. (which)
_______________________________________________
5. Between August and April is the best time to see the Northern Lights. The sky is the clearest then. (when)
_______________________________________________
Non-defining relative clauses
|
A non-defining relative clause give additional information to the noun it modifies. This information doesn’t define the noun and is not important to the meaning of the sentence. - We use relative pronouns (who, whom, which and whose) to introduce non-defining relative clauses. We cannot use that in non-defining relative clauses. The pronouns in non-defining clauses cannot be omitted. - There is a comma between the non-defining relative clause and the noun. John, who works as a city planner, is designing a new clean transport system. My best friend is Lily, whom you met in the environmental event yesterday. Those building, which the city built last year, provide low-cost housing options. My sister, whose new car runs on electricity, cares a lot about clean transport. |
Tạm dịch:
|
Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định cung cấp thêm thông tin cho danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa. Thông tin này không xác định danh từ và không quan trọng đối với ý nghĩa của câu. - Chúng ta sử dụng đại từ quan hệ (who, who, which và which) để giới thiệu mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Chúng ta không thể sử dụng điều đó trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Đại từ trong mệnh đề không xác định không được bỏ qua. - Giữa mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định và danh từ có dấu phẩy. John, người làm công việc quy hoạch thành phố, đang thiết kế một hệ thống giao thông sạch mới. Bạn thân nhất của tôi là Lily, người mà bạn đã gặp trong sự kiện môi trường ngày hôm qua. Những tòa nhà mà thành phố xây dựng năm ngoái cung cấp các lựa chọn nhà ở giá rẻ. Chị tôi có chiếc ô tô mới chạy bằng điện rất quan tâm đến phương tiện giao thông sạch. |
4. Fill in the gaps with who, whom, which, that and whose.
(Điền vào chỗ trống với who, whom, which, that và whose.)
1. Mr Nam is leaving for Hà Nội, _______ offers lots of education and job opportunities.
2. Air pollution, _______ can cause some diseases, is now a big problem in urban areas.
3. Bob, _______ we expected to win the competition, had an excellent performance.
4. Elizabeth, _______ is an animal nutritionist, takes care of animals at the zoo.
5. They are developing a new public transport system in my city, _______ traffic is very happy.
6. These waste solutions, _______ the city planners suggested, are going to make our neighbourhood cleaner.
5. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses. Put commas where necessary.
(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Đặt dấu phẩy khi cần thiết.)
1. Our city’s transport system is excellent. It uses clean energy.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. We are moving to Vancouver. It has good air and water quality.
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Julie drives an electric car. You met her at the clean-up club last week.
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Our car doesn’t cause air pollution. We bought it last month.
_______________________________________________________________________
5. I’m talking to Tom. His brother volunteers at the local community centre.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. My dad is developing new green spaces in the city. He is a city planner.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. Make sentences about you, your family members and your friends using non-defining relative clauses. Tell your partner.
(Đặt câu về bạn, các thành viên trong gia đình và bạn bè của bạn bằng cách sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Nói với đối tác của bạn.)
4. Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets in your notebook.
(Viết lại các câu sử dụng từ trong ngoặc trong vở.)
1. They live in a good neighbourhood. It has lots of low-cost housing. (WHICH)
2. Tom is a vertical farmer. He lives next to my house. (WHO)
3. The cost of living is cheap in rural areas. It isn’t cheap in urban areas. (CHEAPER)
4. Cindy handed in the project earlier than any other students in her class. (EARLIEST)
5. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1 Jenny planted flowers at our school. She is my classmate.
Jenny, who is my classmate, planted flowers at our school.
2 That's my friend Penny. Her mum works at the university.
________________________________________________
3 This city planner designs low-cost housing. She is my friend's mother.
_________________________________________________________
4 My sister started a clean-up club in our neighbourhood. She is twelve years old.
_________________________________________________________________
5 Vertical farming is becoming more popular. It is a new career.
___________________________________________________
3 Join the sentences using relative pronouns. Add commas where necessary.
(Nối các câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ. Thêm dấu phẩy khi cần thiết.)
1 This is the Rex Hotel. We had our prom here.
(Đây là khách sạn Rex. Chúng tôi đã có buổi vũ hội ở đây.)
This is the Rex Hotel, where we had our prom.
(Đây là khách sạn Rex, nơi chúng tôi tổ chức buổi vũ hội.)
2 I like these shoes. My mum bought them for me.
(Tôi thích những đôi giày này. Mẹ tôi đã mua chúng cho tôi.)
3 Mia is a friend. I met her at a New Year’s Eve party.
(Mia là một người bạn. Tôi gặp cô ấy tại một bữa tiệc đêm giao thừa.)
4 We met Dina. Her albums have sold millions of copies.
(Chúng tôi đã gặp Dina. Album của cô đã bán được hàng triệu bản.)
5 We’re going to stay on the island. My parents got married there.
(Chúng tôi sẽ ở lại trên đảo. Bố mẹ tôi kết hôn ở đó.)
1. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences.
(Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra câu kết hợp tốt nhất mỗi cặp câu.)
1. Plants and animals can only live in habitats. These habitats meet their needs.
A. Plants and animals can only live in habitats which meet their needs.
B. Plants and animals can only live in habitats who meet their needs.
C. Plants and animals can only live in habitats what meet their needs.
D. Plants and animals can only live in habitats where meet their needs.
2. We are working on a project about Earth. The features of Earth are so appealing.
A. We are working on a project about Earth, who features are so appealing.
B. We are working on a project about Earth, which features are so appealing.
C. We are working on a project about Earth, what features are so appealing.
D. We are working on a project about Earth, whose features are so appealing.
3. A wetland is mostly covered with water. This is necessary for plants here.
A. A wetland is mostly covered with water, what is necessary for plants here.
B. A wetland is mostly covered with water, when is necessary for plants here.
C. A wetland is mostly covered with water, which is necessary for plants here.
D. A wetland is mostly covered with water, where is necessary for plants here.
4. We learnt about the vital role of clean water on Earth. The surface of Earth is mostly covered by water.
A. We learnt about the vital role of clean water on Earth, which surface is mostly covered by water.
B. We learnt about the vital role of clean water on Earth, whose surface is mostly covered by water.
C. We learnt about the vital role of clean water on Earth, who surface is mostly covered by water.
D. We learnt about the vital role of clean water on Earth, what surface is mostly covered by water.
5. Earth moves round the Sun. The Sun gives light and heat to Earth.
A. Earth moves round the Sun, that gives light and heat to Earth.
B. Earth moves round the Sun, which gives light and heat to Earth.
C. Earth moves round the Sun, what gives light and heat to Earth.
D. Earth moves round the Sun, whose gives light and heat to Earth.
2. Complete the sentences by adding appropriate relative clauses.
(Hoàn thành câu bằng cách thêm mệnh đề quan hệ thích hợp.)
1. Sunlight, _____, is a nonliving part of the environment on Earth.
2. Earth’s water, _____, can move from one place to another.
3. Many living things depend much on soil, _____.
4. Animals and plants are living parts of an ecosystem, _____.
5. Pluto, _____, was considered a planet in the past.
6. Combine the pairs of sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
(Kết hợp các cặp câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water. It covers most of Earth.
2. Glaciers form in very cold places. They are large bodies of moving ice.
3. Most living things on Earth need light. Light is a kind of energy.
4. The water that falls to Earth is called precipitation. Precipitation can be snow, rain, or hail.
5. We can protect plants and animals by building nature reserves. Nature reserves are safe places.
Non-defining relative clauses
3. Fill in the gaps with who, whom, which and whose.
(Điền vào chỗ trống với who, whom, which, that và whose.)
1. Central Park, _______ is in Sydney, is a famous green building.
2. Mr Smith’s new car, _______ he bought last week, uses green energy.
3. Annie, _______ sits in front of me in the class, always rides her bike to school.
4. Kelly, _______ I met in the clean-up event, works for a public service.
5. Mr and Mrs Carter, _______ son is my classmate, are my parents’ good friends
6. These architects, _______ built the low-cost housing, received an award.
4. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. Louise Restaurant serves French food. It’s in my neighbourhood.
______________________________________________________________________
2. Jonathan is a volunteer. I walk to school with him every day.
______________________________________________________________________
3. I’m going to join the Green Clean-up Club. My teacher recommended it to me.
______________________________________________________________________
4. My sister is four years older than me. She is at university.
______________________________________________________________________
5. James is a talented engineer. His job is to design public transport systems.
______________________________________________________________________
6. This walking path encourages people to walk. It is big and beautiful.
______________________________________________________________________
Non-defining relative clauses
12. Choose the correct options.
(Chọn các phương án đúng.)
1. This bike, _______ I ride every day, it is present from my uncle.
A. that B. whom C. who D. which
2. My best friend, _______ name is Alex, doesn’t eat meat.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. which
3. The number 15 bus, _______ runs on electricity, stops outside my house.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
4. Duncan, _______ you meet in the vertical farm, has a rooftop garden.
A. whom B. that C. which D. whose
5. Mr and Mrs Smith, _______ really care about the city’s living environment, often do community service.
A. which B. that C. who D. whose
6. Madeline Miller, _______ I once met at an airport, is my favourite author.
A. whom B. whose C. which D. that
7. Youth Sports Centre, _______ the mayor opened, is on Riley Road.
A. which B. who C. that D. whom
8. Jenny, _______ house is on my street, goes to the local university.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
13. Combine the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.
(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)
1. Helena works as a volunteer. Her mother is a city planner.
______________________________________________________________
2. The Shard spoils the view from my window. It opened in 2012.
______________________________________________________________
3. Vienna is one of the world’s greenest cities. It’s in Australia.
______________________________________________________________
4. Jake often picks up rubbish in the park. He is in my class.
______________________________________________________________
5. Mr Jones wants to make the city greener. His job is to design parks.
______________________________________________________________
6. My brother is going to study biology at university in September. He likes plants and animals.
______________________________________________________________
7. Mrs Williams works at the local library. Her children do community service every weekend.
______________________________________________________________
8. These new waste solutions are really effective. The council introduced them last month.
______________________________________________________________
9. My cousins don’t care much about their living environment. They live on the west side of the city.
______________________________________________________________
10. Gina is my next-door neighbour. You met her at the clean-up event.
______________________________________________________________
