6.2 The passive: advanced structures
(Bị động: cấu trúc nâng cao)
Verbs like believe, consider, expect, know, report, say and think are often used in passive constructions, especially in formal language.
• We can use an impersonal construction with it + passive: it + passive (present or past) + that…
It was believed by many people until the 19th century that tomatoes were poisonous.
It is now known that they are not.
• Alternatively we use a passive construction with an infinitive:
subject + passive (present or past) + to do / to have done.
Tomatoes were believed to be poisonous.
• We can use an impersonal construction with there + passive (present or past) + to do / to have done.
There are estimated to be 100,000 people at this weekend’s festival.
If the sentence refers to a present belief about a past event, we use the present simple passive followed by a perfect infinitive (to have done).
The thief is believed to have escaped to Scotland.
• We can use passive structures with present and past forms of modal verbs.
Phones should be switched off during the play.
• Verbs that are followed by an infinitive or gerund can also be followed by a passive infinitive or gerund.
Everyone likes to be praised.
I love being given surprise presents!
Tạm dịch
Các động từ như tin, cân nhắc, mong đợi, biết, báo cáo, nói và nghĩ thường được sử dụng trong các cấu trúc bị động, đặc biệt là trong ngôn ngữ trang trọng.
• Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc khách quan với it + bị động: it + bị động (hiện tại hoặc quá khứ) + that…
Cho đến thế kỷ 19, nhiều người vẫn tin rằng cà chua có độc.
Bây giờ người ta biết rằng họ không phải vậy.
• Ngoài ra, chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc bị động với động từ nguyên thể:
chủ ngữ + bị động (hiện tại hoặc quá khứ) + to Vo / to have V3/ed.
Cà chua được cho là có độc.
• Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc khách quan với There + bị động (hiện tại hoặc quá khứ) + to Vo / to have V3/ed.
Ước tính có khoảng 100.000 người tham dự lễ hội cuối tuần này.
Nếu câu đề cập đến niềm tin hiện tại về một sự kiện trong quá khứ, chúng ta sử dụng bbij động hiện tại đơn theo sau là một động từ nguyên thể hoàn thành (to have V3/ed).
Tên trộm được cho là đã trốn sang Scotland.
• Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc bị động với các dạng động từ khiếm khuyết ở hiện tại và quá khứ.
Điện thoại nên được tắt trong khi chơi.
• Những động từ được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên mẫu hoặc V-ing cũng có thể được theo sau bởi một động từ nguyên mẫu hoặc V-ing thể bị động.
Mọi người đều thích được khen ngợi.
Tôi thích được tặng những món quà bất ngờ!
1 Complete the second sentence in each pair so that it means the same as the first.
(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai trong mỗi cặp sao cho có nghĩa giống câu đầu tiên.)
1 They think that the thief escaped in a stolen car.
The thief _________________________________________.
2 It is known that too much fried food is bad for you.
Too much fried food _________________________________________.
3 The painting was thought to be an orginal Picasso.
It _________________________________________.
4 It’s reported that the earthquake caused extensive damage.
The earthquake _________________________________________.
5 They say that heavy rain has caused the floods.
Heavy rain _________________________________________.
6 They didn’t believe that his injuries were serious.
His injuries _________________________________________.
7 Some fruits are said by scientists to be ‘superfood’.
It _________________________________________.
Cấu trúc bị động kép:
S1 + V1+ (that) + S2 + V2
=> It + bị động V1 + that + S2 + V2
=> S2 + bị động V1 + TO V2 (nguyên thể) / TO Have V3/ed.
1
They think that the thief escaped in a stolen car.
(Họ nghĩ rằng tên trộm đã trốn thoát trên một chiếc xe bị đánh cắp.)
The thief is thought to have escaped in a stolen car.
(Tên trộm được cho là đã trốn thoát trên một chiếc xe bị đánh cắp.)
2
It is known that too much fried food is bad for you.
(Người ta biết rằng ăn quá nhiều đồ chiên rán sẽ không tốt cho sức khỏe.)
Too much fried food is known to be bad for you.
(Quá nhiều đồ chiên rán được cho là có hại cho bạn.)
3
The painting was thought to be an orginal Picasso.
(Bức tranh được cho là của Picasso nguyên bản.)
It is thought that the painting is an original Picasso.
(Người ta cho rằng bức tranh là của Picasso nguyên bản.)
4
It’s reported that the earthquake caused extensive damage.
(Có thông tin cho rằng trận động đất đã gây ra thiệt hại lớn.)
The earthquake is reported to have caused extensive damage.
(Trận động đất được cho là đã gây ra thiệt hại lớn.)
5
They say that heavy rain has caused the floods.
(Họ nói rằng mưa lớn đã gây ra lũ lụt.)
Heavy rain is said to have caused the floods.
(Mưa lớn được cho là nguyên nhân gây ra lũ lụt.)
6
They didn’t believe that his injuries were serious.
(Họ không tin rằng vết thương của anh nghiêm trọng.)
His injuries were not believed to be serious.
(Vết thương của anh ấy được cho là không nghiêm trọng.)
7
Some fruits are said by scientists to be ‘superfood’.
(Một số loại trái cây được các nhà khoa học cho là ‘siêu thực phẩm’.)
It is said by scientists that some fruits are 'superfood'.
(Các nhà khoa học cho rằng một số loại trái cây là “siêu thực phẩm”.)

Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề
Bài 1 :
Choose the correct answer to the following questions.
Obesity _____ a serious health problem.
Bài 2 :
Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice.
Bài 3 :
Rewrite the following sentences using passive voice.
Bài 4 :
Choose the best answer.
It ______ that learning English is easy.
Bài 5 :
Choose the best answer.
_______ that the temple was built on the current site of Thien Tru in the 15th century.
Bài 6 :
Choose the best answer.
It is hoped that any defensive measures _______ to protect and preserve our man-made wonders.
Bài 7 :
Choose the best answer.
_______ the best time to visit the complex of Hue Monuments is in April.
Bài 8 :
Choose the best answer.
It is ________ that many people are homeless after the floods.
Bài 9 :
Choose the best answer.
________ that many of our man-made wonders have been damaged.
Bài 10 :
Choose the best answer.
_______ that two people had been injured in the accident.
Bài 11 :
Choose the best answer.
______ that Ha Long Bay was recognised as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.
Bài 12 :
Choose the best answer.
It _______ that 70 tons of dead fish washed ashore along more than 200 kilometres of Vietnam’s central coastline in early April.
Bài 13 :
Choose the best answer.
It _____ by the company yesterday that the new shopping complex would be open after 2 weeks.
Bài 14 :
Choose the best answer.
Some film stars _______ difficult to work with.
Bài 15 :
Choose the best answer.
He was said _____ this building.
Bài 16 :
Choose the best answer.
It ______ that some foreigners had collected rubbish in Cat Ba Beach.
Bài 17 :
Choose the best answer.
Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony _______next weekend.
is going to be performed
has been performed
will be performing
will have performed
Bài 18 :
Choose the best answer.
Our children _______to school by bus every morning.
take
are taken
have taken
are taking
Bài 19 :
Choose the best answer.
I hate_______ personal questions by nearly acquainted friends.
to be asking
to be asked
being asking
of asking
Bài 20 :
Choose the best answer.
“Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they_______ in Russia”
were painted
were paint
were painting
painted
Bài 21 :
Choose the best answer.
Simon is going to visit his mother on his work next week.
=> Simon’s mother ______ on his work next week.
is going to visit
is visited
is going to be visited
is going to visited
Bài 22 :
Choose the best answer.
The postman will deliver newspaper next week.
=> Newspaper _______ by the postman next week.
will be delivered
will delivered
will be delivering
is delivered
Bài 23 :
Choose the best answer.
Jim was painting her picture with his patience at 8pm last night.
=> Jim’s picture _______ with her patience at 8pm last night.
was painted
was been painted
was been painting
was being painted
Bài 24 :
Choose the best answer.
They chose him as the best actor of the year.
He was chosen as the best actor of the year.
He is chosen as the best actor of the year by them.
The best actor of the year was chosen by him.
He was chose as the best actor of the year.
Bài 25 :
Choose the best answer.
Someone will pay you in ten days.
You are paid in ten days.
You will be pay in ten days.
You will be paid by someone.
You will be paid in ten days.
Bài 26 :
Choose the best answer.
The teacher always advises us to study harder on the second term.
We are always advise to study harder on the second term.
We study harder on the second term because of the teacher.
We are always advised to study harder on the second term by the teacher.
We are studied harder on the second term.
Bài 27 :
Choose the best answer.
The cat has broken many bowls and dishes.
The cat has many broken bowls and dishes.
Many bowls and dishes has been broken by the cat.
Many bowls and dishes have been broken by the cat.
Many bowls and dishes broke the cat.
Bài 28 :
Choose the best answer.
A new museum _____ in this land before we came to live in Vietnam in 1999.
was opened
had been opened
has been opened
opened
Bài 29 :
Choose the best answer.
They_______ time and money doing such a thing.
were advising not to waste
were advising not to be wasted
were advised not to be wasted
were advised not to waste
Bài 30 :
Choose the best answer.
These students _______so much that they feel very tired and bored.
are made to study
are made study
are made studying
are made to be studied