I.5 State verbs and dynamic verbs
(Động từ trạng thái và động từ chỉ hành động)
Dynamic verbs describe actions and can be used in simple or continuous tenses. Compare:
Dad makes dinner very Friday. (= now)
Dad can’t come to the phone; he’s making dinner. (= recently and repeatedly)
This evening, he’s been watching TV for three hours. (= action in progress for a specific period of time)
State verbs describe states, not actions. They are often connected with abstract ideas:
• emotion: care, envy, fear, hate, like, love, mind, prefer, want, etc.
• possession: belong, own, possess, etc.
• thought: agree, believe, disagree, doubt, know, mean, recognise, understand, etc.
• others: contain, cost, depend, fit, matter, need, seem, weigh, etc.
State verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses.
I hate cheese. I hate this song. (NOT I’m hating…)
I’ve known Eva for years. (NOT I’ve been knowing…)
I’ve never understood baseball. (NOT I’ve been understanding…)
Some verbs can be state or dynamic depending on the meaning. Only the dynamic sense can be used in continuous tenses.
|
|
Dynamic verb |
State verb |
|
think |
I’m thinking about work. |
I think she’s at work. |
|
feel |
I’m not feeling confident. |
He feels I’m selfish. |
|
have |
He’s having a shower / a piano lesson / lunch. |
She has three cats. |
|
look |
What are you looking at? |
He looks very calm. |
|
see |
I’m seeing Dan later. |
I see what you mean. |
|
smell |
Why are you smelling that sandwich? |
`Does the sandwich smell all right? |
|
taste |
She’s tasting the soup. |
The soup tastes great! |
|
appear |
He’s been appearing on stage in London. |
She appears to be quite assertive. |
Tạm dịch
Động từ động mô tả hành động và có thể được dùng ở thì đơn hoặc thì tiếp diễn. So sánh:
Bố làm bữa tối vào thứ Sáu. (= bây giờ)
Bố không thể nghe điện thoại; ông ấy đang làm bữa tối. (= gần đây và lặp đi lặp lại)
Tối nay, anh ấy đã xem TV được ba tiếng rồi. (= hành động đang diễn ra trong một khoảng thời gian cụ thể)
Động từ trạng thái mô tả trạng thái, không phải hành động. Chúng thường được kết nối với những ý tưởng trừu tượng:
• cảm xúc: quan tâm, ghen tị, sợ hãi, ghét, thích, yêu, thích, muốn, v.v.
• sở hữu: thuộc về, sở hữu, sở hữu, v.v.
• suy nghĩ: đồng ý, tin tưởng, không đồng ý, nghi ngờ, biết, có ý gì, nhận ra, hiểu, v.v.
• những từ khác: chứa đựng, giá cả, phụ thuộc, vừa vặn, quan trọng, cần thiết, dường như, cân nặng, v.v.
Động từ trạng thái không thể được sử dụng ở thì tiếp diễn.
Tôi ghét phô mai. Tôi ghét bài hát này. (KHÔNG phải tôi đã đang ghét…)
Tôi đã biết Eva nhiều năm rồi. (KHÔNG phải tôi đã đang biết…)
Tôi chưa bao giờ hiểu bóng chày. (KHÔNG phải tôi đã đang hiểu…)
Một số động từ có thể ở trạng thái chủ động tùy theo nghĩa. Chỉ có nghĩa chủ động mới có thể được sử dụng ở thì tiếp diễn.
|
|
Dynamic verb (Động từ chỉ hành động) |
State verb (Động từ chỉ trạng thái) |
|
think (nghĩ) |
I’m thinking about work. (Tôi đang nghĩ về công việc.) |
I think she’s at work. (Tôi nghĩ cô ấy đang ở chỗ làm.) |
|
feel (nghĩ) |
I’m not feeling confident. (Tôi không cảm thấy tự tin.) |
He feels I’m selfish. (Anh ấy cảm thấy tôi ích kỷ.) |
|
have (có) |
He’s having a shower / a piano lesson / lunch. (Anh ấy đang tắm/ đang học piano/ đang ăn trưa.) |
She has three cats. (Cô ấy có ba con mèo.) |
|
look (nhìn) |
What are you looking at? (Bạn đang nhìn gì đó?) |
He looks very calm. (Anh ấy trông rất bình tĩnh.) |
|
see (nhìn) |
I’m seeing Dan later. (Tôi sẽ gặp Dan sau.) |
I see what you mean. (Tôi hiểu ý bạn là gì.) |
|
smell (ngửi) |
Why are you smelling that sandwich? (Tại sao bạn lại ngửi thấy mùi bánh sandwich đó?) |
Does the sandwich smell all right? (Bánh sandwich có mùi không?) |
|
taste (nếm) |
She’s tasting the soup. (Tại sao bạn lại nếm thấy mùi bánh sandwich đó?) |
The soup tastes great! (Món súp có vị rất tuyệt!) |
|
appear (xuất hiện) |
He’s been appearing on stage in London. (Anh ấy đã xuất hiện trên sân khấu ở London.) |
She appears to be quite assertive. (Cô ấy có vẻ khá quyết đoán.) |
1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
(Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.)
1 ‘Stop it! You _____________(behave) selfishly.’
Why? I _____________(not understand) what you _____________(mean).’
2 ‘Why _____________(you / laugh) at my T-shirt?’
‘ Because it _____________(not fit) you!’
3 ‘This bag that I _____________(carry) weighs a tonne!’
‘I _____________(know). It _____________(contain) all my books.
4 ‘_____________(you / like) this play?’
‘Not really, but it _____________(not matter).’
I _____________(not mind) staying until the end.’
5 ‘We _____________(need) to go home. It’s midnight!’
‘I _____________(not care). I _____________(enjoy) myself!’
1.
“Stop it! You are behaving selfishly.”
“Why? I don't understand what you mean.”
(“Dừng lại đi! Bạn đang cư xử ích kỷ đấy.
“Tại sao? Tôi không hiểu ý của bạn.”)
2.
‘Why are you laughing at my T-shirt?’
‘Because it doesn't fit you!’
(‘Tại sao bạn lại cười vào chiếc áo phông của tôi?’
‘Bởi vì nó không phù hợp với bạn!)
3.
‘This bag that I am carrying weighs a tonne!’
‘I know. It contains all my books.
(‘Cái túi mà tôi đang mang nặng cả tấn!’
'Tôi biết. Nó chứa tất cả các cuốn sách của tôi.)
4.
‘Do you like this play?’
‘Not really, but it doesn't matter. I don't mind staying until the end.’
(‘Bạn có thích vở kịch này không?’
‘Không hẳn, nhưng nó không quan trọng. Tôi không ngại ở lại cho đến cuối cùng.”)
5.
‘We need to go home. It’s midnight!’
‘I don't care. I am enjoying myself!’
(‘Chúng ta cần phải về nhà. Đã nửa đêm rồi!’
‘Tôi không quan tâm. Tôi đang tận hưởng chính mình!')

Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề
Bài 1 :
Choose the best answer.
People _______ English in most of Canada.
have spoken
have been speaking
spoke
speak
Bài 2 :
Choose the best answer.
By the end of this March, I ________ English for 5 years. And I will take some higher-level courses in an English centre.
have studied
have been studying
will have been studying
will study
Bài 3 :
Choose the best answer.
I’m preparing to support anything he ________ (say) tomorrow.
will be saying
says
will say
will have been saying
Bài 4 :
Choose the best answer.
When her husband was in the army, Mary ______ to him twice a week.
was reading
wrote
was written
had written
Bài 5 :
Choose the best answer.
The last time I ______ in New York, the weather was hot and humid.
have been
had been
would be
was
Bài 6 :
Choose the best answer.
Your suitcases are so heavy! I ______ them for you.
am going to carry
am carrying
will carry
carry
Bài 7 :
Choose the best answer.
She isn’t here. She ______ in the living room.
sits
is sitting
sat
was sitting
Bài 8 :
Choose the best answer.
Our teacher told us that he (visit)_____ England in 2009.
had visited
has visited
visited
was visiting
Bài 9 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
He _________German so well because he ________from Germany.
is speaking/ comes
is speaking/ coming
speaks/ comes
speaks/ is coming
Bài 10 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
We (have)_________ a party next Sunday. Would you like to come?
are having
have
will have
had
Bài 11 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
My sister ________as a nurse for a big hospital.
working
is working
work
works
Bài 12 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Tomorrow ________ Monday.
was
is being
is
will be
Bài 13 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
We usually _________books, _________to music or _______TV.
is reading/listening/watching
read/listen/watch
read/listening/watching
reading/ listening/watching
Bài 14 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
____________ you ______ TV? No, we _______.
Are you watching/ are studying
Do you watch/ study
Do you watch/ are studying
Are you watching/ study
Bài 15 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
My daughter ________in Japan next month.
studied
is studying
studies
study
Bài 16 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
He ________ in his room.
has always messed up
is always messing up
always messes up
messes up always
Bài 17 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
At the moment, I ______ a book and my brother _____ TV.
read/watches
read/ watch
am reading/ watching
am reading/ is watching
Bài 18 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
It's 10 o'clock in the morning. Sarah ______ in her room. She ______ her homework.
is/ is doing
is/ doing
is being/ is doing
is/ does
Bài 19 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Now we ________ on the beach. The weather _____ great!
are lying/ is
lie/ is
are lying/ is being
lie/is being
Bài 20 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Don't forget to take your umbrella with you to London. You know it always ______ in England.
raining
rains
rain
is raining
Bài 21 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
She ________her dirty socks on the floor for me to pick up! Who _____ I am? Her maid?
leaves / is she thinking
leaves / does she think
is always leaving/ is she thinking
is always leaving/ does she think
Bài 22 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Now I _____the cooking while my sisters ________ piano.
am doing/ is playing
am doing/ are playing
am doing/ plays
do/ plays
Bài 23 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Margaret _____ to Dave’s party on Wednesday because she ______on holiday.
isn’t going/ is
doesn’t go/ is
going / is
isn’t going/ is being
Bài 24 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
My brother _______in New York, he _______ in London.
doesn’t live/ lives
doesn’t live/ is living
isn’t living/lives
isn’t living/ is living
Bài 25 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Linda ______ to the bookshop now because she ______ to buy some books for her friends.
is going/ wanting
goes/ wants
is going/ wants
goes/is wanting
Bài 26 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
Everyday, my father _______at 5.00 a.m, but today he ____ at 6.00 am.
gets up/ is getting up
is getting/is getting
gets up/ gets up
is getting up/ gets up
Bài 27 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
My brothers_______ my clothes without asking me, which ______ me angry.
constantly borrow/ make
are constantly borrowing / make
constantly borrow / makes
are constantly borrowing / makes
Bài 28 :
Choose the best answer to fill in the blank.
My son _____ noise, so I ______ on my work at home.
constantly makes/ don’t focus
is constantly making/ don’t focus
are constantly making/ don’t focus
is constantly making/am not focusing
Bài 29 :
3. Read the Learn this! box. Match the highlighted sentences (1-7) in exercise 2 with the rules (a−g).
(Đọc phần khung Learn this! Nối các câu được đánh dấu (1-7) trong bài tập 2 với các quy tắc (a−g).)
Bài 30 :
4 Complete the text with the correct present simple or continuous form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer may be possible.
(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng hiện tại đơn hoặc tiếp diễn chính xác của động từ trong ngoặc. Có thể có nhiều hơn một câu trả lời.)
I frequently 1____ (text) my friends on my mobile phone, but I'm not like some people who 2____ (always use) their phones, even when they 3____ (go out) with friends. I 4____ (use) it at the moment because I 5____ (revise) with some friends tomorrow (our exams 6____ (start) on Monday) and we 7____ (try) to decide where to meet. Texting 8____ (help) you organise your life, but shouldn't dominate it!
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