Đề bài

2 Read the text. Does it mention your ideas from exercise 1?

(Đọc văn bản. Nó có đề cập đến ý tưởng của bạn từ bài tập 1 không?)

A history of hygiene

Ancient ideas of hygiene

The ancient Greeks and Egyptians enjoyed relatively high standards of personal hygiene - they had been taught about the importance of cleanliness by their religious leaders. But it was the Romans who developed the first public toilets and enormous public baths.

19th century developments

Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister's revolutionary ideas about using sterile instruments in clean hospitals were adopted in the 19th century. Before then, up to half of Lister's patients who had survived surgery were being killed by infections spread by germs. Infection and disease haven't been eliminated entirely in our hospitals yet, but they have been significantly reduced.

Today and tomorrow

Although hygiene in developing countries is being improved all the time, 36% of the world's population is still affected by poor hygiene. Furthermore, medical organisations will be challenged in the future by new infections and diseases; the world's population is so closely connected that potentially catastrophic epidemics will be transmitted around the globe in days.

Phương pháp giải

Tạm dịch

Lịch sử vệ sinh

Ý tưởng cổ xưa về vệ sinh

Người Hy Lạp và Ai Cập cổ đại có tiêu chuẩn vệ sinh cá nhân tương đối cao - họ đã được các nhà lãnh đạo tôn giáo của họ dạy về tầm quan trọng của sự sạch sẽ. Nhưng chính người La Mã mới là người đã phát triển những nhà vệ sinh công cộng đầu tiên và những nhà tắm công cộng khổng lồ.

Sự phát triển của thế kỷ 19

Ý tưởng mang tính cách mạng của Louis Pasteur và Joseph Lister về việc sử dụng dụng cụ vô trùng trong bệnh viện sạch đã được áp dụng vào thế kỷ 19. Trước đó, có tới một nửa số bệnh nhân sống sót sau cuộc phẫu thuật của Lister đã tử vong do nhiễm trùng do vi trùng lây lan. Nhiễm trùng và bệnh tật vẫn chưa được loại bỏ hoàn toàn trong các bệnh viện của chúng ta, nhưng chúng đã giảm đi đáng kể.

Hôm nay và ngày mai

Mặc dù vấn đề vệ sinh ở các nước đang phát triển ngày càng được cải thiện nhưng 36% dân số thế giới vẫn bị ảnh hưởng bởi tình trạng vệ sinh kém. Hơn nữa, các tổ chức y tế sẽ gặp thách thức trong tương lai bởi các bệnh nhiễm trùng và bệnh tật mới; dân số thế giới được kết nối chặt chẽ đến mức những dịch bệnh thảm khốc có thể xảy ra sẽ lan tràn khắp toàn cầu trong vài ngày tới.

Lời giải của GV Loigiaihay.com

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Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề

Bài 1 :

Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.

Highest Life Expectancy In The World

Longevity hot spots are located in regions of different countries where people commonly lead (1)            ______ lives past the age of 100. A blue zone is considered to be a "longevity oasis" and the people who live there are believed to have the longest life expectancy on Earth.

The longest living women were found in Okinawa, Japan. Another blue zone was discovered in the mountains of Sardinia, Italy where even men (2) ______ the age of 100 at an amazing rate, another was discovered on the Nicoya Peninsula of Costa Rica in 2007. Only one of the blue zones is located in the United States. It was found when researchers who were staying in Loma Linda, California discovered they suffered from (3) ______ of the diseases that commonly kill people in other parts of the United States and throughout the developed world.  The final blue zone was found on an expedition to the island of Ikaria, Greece where they have 50% lower rates of heart disease, 20% less cancer, and (4) _______ zero dementia - loss of memory.

What's their secret formula for (5) _____ another 10 healthy years? Scientists focused on these longevity hot spots to answer that question and found that while it helps to have good genes, that's less than 30% of the equation. If you adopt the right (6) _______ , they concluded the other 70% can be up to us. Other (7)______ the people living in the blue zones have in common include less stress and more (8)______ , strong (9) _______ on family, a fresh natural plant based, diet, very little red meat and daily exercise. Leading their lives with a sense of (10) ______ was a big factor. It insures they look forward to getting up in the morning.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 2 :

Read the passage below and decide which answer (from A, B, C or D) best fits each gap

Health Benefits of Yoga

Yoga is a healthy lifestyle. One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc.   If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a comfortable pace, would be great for you. If you want to increase strength through using more of your own body’s resistance, Power Yoga may be right for you. Whether you prefer you're at home, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym, there are a huge variety of options
available to suit your goals and needs.

Improved flexibility is one of the first and most obvious benefits of yoga.  During your first class, you probably won’t be able to touch your toes. But if you stick with it, you’ll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seemingly impossible poses will become possible. Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the muscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from which everything else operates. When the core is working properly, posture is improved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck pain.

Strong muscles do more than look good.  They also protect us from conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people. And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility. If you just went to the gym and lifted weights, you might build strength at the expense of flexibility.

Yoga gets your blood flowing. More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet. Yoga also gets more oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result. Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released.

Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice improved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better immune function.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 3 :

2 Read the text and check your answers to exercise 1.

(Đọc văn bản và kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn cho bài tập 1.)

MYTH BUSTING

Never wake a sleepwalker

Waking a sleepwalker was once widely believed to be dangerous because it was thought something terrible would happen to them. While nobody likes being woken up, the worst thing they will experience is confusion because they are not in bed!

Drink eight glasses of water a day

This myth is thought to have been started by the bottled water industry. In fact, some of us need as little as a litre of liquid a day, which doesn't have to be consumed as water. Food, soft drinks, milk, tea and coffee all count.

Being a bit overweight is unhealthy

It is often reported that serious health problems can be caused by obesity. However, people carrying an extra couple of kilos in weight might actually live longer.

You can catch up on lost sleep

During the week, your sleep might be disturbed by late-night study, noisy neighbours, or a night out. But forget about sleeping longer at the weekend-staying in bed too long is thought to make you feel more tired!

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 4 :

2 Read the text. How could 'lucid dreaming' help students?

(Đọc văn bản. 'Giấc mơ sáng suốt' có thể giúp học sinh như thế nào?)

The idea that we can control our dreams through a technique called 'lucid dreaming' is usually the stuff of sci-fi films. During lucid dreaming, the sleeper knows they are dreaming and can control what happens - even deciding to have breathtaking experiences like flying. Now, thought-provoking research has received broad-based support from some highly respected scientists, who think it may not be as far-fetched as it sounds.

Lucid dreaming isn't just about mind-blowing experiences. It can be used to improve a variety of skills, from playing the piano to public speaking. It's been shown that people who dream about practising things, like playing the piano, do them better in 'real life' the next day. Well-known athletes also use lucid dreaming to help them deliver record-breaking performances.

You don't need to be highly trained to have lucid dreams, but half-hearted efforts won't work, so try the following steps regularly:

1 Do difficult tasks during the day, such as studying a foreign language; it makes lucid dreaming more likely.

2 Decide what you want to dream about before you sleep.

3 As soon as you wake up and are still bleary-eyed, make notes about dreams while they are fresh in your memory.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 5 :

2 Read the three texts about food addiction. What were the consequences of the three people's addictions?

(Đọc ba văn bản về chứng nghiện thực phẩm. Hậu quả của việc nghiện của ba người là gì?)

FOOD ADDICTION

A

Few people would disagree that one of the world's most popular dishes is pizza. Twenty-two-year-old Zack certainly wouldn't. He would eat a variety of pizza-based items, including homemade pizza, precooked microwave pizza, and even pizza leftovers from the night before. He was consuming 800kg of pizza a year. As a child, Zack had eaten a wide variety of food. But he became addicted to pizza when he started secondary school. American school meals have often been criticised for the large amount of fast food present on the menu, and pizza is the star dish. Zack even spent all his pocket money on  slices of pizza.

Naturally, Zack's family worried about his high-calorie, low-vitamin diet. So did Zack. In an attempt to break his addiction, Zack agreed to appear on a TV programme called Freaky Eaters. 1 ____ It wasn't easy. He had to eat a fish dish, while his brother sat in front of him enjoying... a pizza! However, Zack met the challenge and has never eaten pizza again.

B

Seventeen-year-old Stacy Irvine's friends visit her and discover that she has been rewarded thousands of free toys from fast food restaurants as a regular customer. Stacy's mother often gave her two-year-old girl a portion of fried chicken in a McDonald's restaurant. Since then, Stacy has refused to eat anything else except for pieces of fried chicken, and as a result, her diet has created serious health. She has been warned that if she doesn't change her diet, she will die. Stacy once collapsed due to lack of vitamins and nutrients and needed to be hospitalised. 2 ____ She insisted that Stacy adopt a healthier lifestyle. However, worryingly, Stacy's mother said that while Stacy was beginning to understand the seriousness of her situation, she couldn't eat anything else but chicken nuggets.

C

Twenty-year-old Hanna Little was keen on chips. The only thing that Hanna consumed for fifteen years was one plate of chips after another. 3 ____ And it did because not only did Hanna develop health problems, but she also had to leave her job after collapsing at work. At five, Hanna became addicted to chips and refused to eat fruits and vegetables despite her mother's efforts. Hanna says that she was terrified of tasting the flavour of different types of food and she would feel anxious just at the idea of doing it. 4 ____ Furthermore, Hanna was soon seen as 'odd' by her friends' parents.

It wasn't until the age of sixteen that Hanna realised she had Selective Eating Disorder (SED). Despite this new knowledge, no solution was found. It wasn't until she lost her job before she started eating normally. Hanna sought therapy from psychologist Felix Economakis, who used hypnosis, a treatment that none of the doctors that she had seen before had mentioned, to get her to eat fruit after one one-hour session, and since then she has been willing to eat anything.... including chips!

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 6 :

Reading Strategy

When you do a gapped sentence task, look for clues before and after each gap. For example, if a sentence starts with And or Furthermore, it probably introduces additional information.

Other words can be used for contrast (But, However) and consequences or conclusions (So, Therefore).

Tạm dịch

Chiến lược đọc

Khi bạn làm một câu có chỗ trống, hãy tìm manh mối trước và sau mỗi chỗ trống. Ví dụ: nếu một câu bắt đầu bằng Và hoặc Hơn nữa, nó có thể giới thiệu thông tin bổ sung.

Những từ khác có thể được sử dụng để chỉ sự tương phản (Nhưng, Tuy nhiên) và hậu quả hoặc kết luận (Vì vậy, Do đó).

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 7 :

3 Read the Reading Strategy. Match the sentences (A-E) with the gaps (1-4). There is one extra sentence.

(Đọc Chiến lược đọc. Nối các câu (A-E) với chỗ trống (1-4). Có một câu bị thừa.)

A Not surprisingly, a diet that contained few nutrients and an excess of fat and carbohydrates could only have negative consequences.

B Its aim was to encourage food addicts to beat their addictions with the help of a psychologist and nutritionist.

C One of the first steps was to get rid of her collection of free gifts.

D Parties, picnics and barbecues with friends and family used to be a nightmare.

E The doctor who treated her said she had never seen such an extreme case of food addiction.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 8 :

4 Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F. Correct the false sentences.

(Nhưng câu sau đúng hay sai? Viết T hoặc F. Sửa các câu sai.)

1 Zack ate well until he was a teenager.

2 Zack ate his last pizza on Freaky Eaters.

3 Stacy became addicted after a member of her family introduced her to a certain type of food.

4 Stacy has recovered from her health problems.

5 Hanna's condition affected her work and social life.

6 Hanna was cured by an unusual treatment.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 9 :

10 Read the task below. Make notes on each section.

(Đọc nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Ghi chú vào từng phần.)

While on holiday in the UK, you go and see the doctor because you have had an accident. Have a conversation with him / her and discuss the following points:

• The injury

• How you did it

• Treatment

• A follow-up visit

(Khi đang đi nghỉ ở Anh, bạn đến gặp bác sĩ vì bạn bị tai nạn. Hãy trò chuyện với anh ấy/cô ấy và thảo luận về các điểm sau:

• Vết thương

• Bạn làm nó như thế nào

• Cách chữa trị

• Lần thăm khám tiếp theo)

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 10 :

2 Read the task below. Identify the elements that need to be included in the article. How many paragraphs do you think it should have?

(Đọc nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Xác định các yếu tố cần đưa vào bài viết. Bạn nghĩ nó nên có bao nhiêu đoạn?)

You've read an article about the dangers of eating too much sugar. Write an article for your school website about the risks associated with a high sugar diet and propose ways of persuading young people to eat less of it.

(Bạn đã đọc một bài viết về sự nguy hiểm của việc ăn quá nhiều đường. Viết một bài báo cho trang web của trường bạn về những rủi ro liên quan đến chế độ ăn nhiều đường và đề xuất cách thuyết phục giới trẻ ăn ít đường hơn.)

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 11 :

3 Read the article and compare it to your ideas in exercise 2. Are there any differences?

(Đọc bài viết và so sánh với ý tưởng của bạn ở bài tập 2. Có sự khác biệt nào không?)

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 12 :

7 Read the task below. Make notes on your opinions.

(Đọc nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Ghi lại ý kiến của bạn.)

You've read an article about teenagers and fast food. Write an article for your school website about the dangers of teenagers eating too much fast food, and how students can be persuaded to eat less of it.

(Bạn vừa đọc một bài viết về thanh thiếu niên và thức ăn nhanh. Viết một bài báo cho trang web của trường về sự nguy hiểm của việc thanh thiếu niên ăn quá nhiều đồ ăn nhanh và cách thuyết phục học sinh ăn ít đồ ăn nhanh hơn.)

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 13 :

MAKING LONDON HEALTHIER

As the capital of the nation where the Industrial Revolution began, London has suffered badly from the effects of pollution. Recent efforts to make the city cleaner, however, are turning it into one of the world's least polluted major cities.

A. A RIVER FILLED WITH LIFE

For years, the River Thames was a health hazard because of pollution, and in 1957 it was declared biologically dead. Half a century later, the Thames has won international prizes for rivers that have been restored. There are now hundreds of different types of animal and bird feeding on its banks, over 125 different species of fish swimming beneath its surface, and even seals and dolphins have swum up the river from the coast to visit the centre of the city.

B. THE GREAT SMOG

Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, Londoners had become used to suffering from coughs and chest infections caused by smog, which is a combination of smoke and fog. However, when the smog of December 1952 caused four thousand deaths in one week, the government finally realised that something had to be done. A series of 'clean-air' laws were passed to avoid a repeat of the tragedy, and since then the quality of London's air has improved greatly, although there is still plenty of work to do.

C. PAYING TO DRIVE

At the beginning of the new millennium, because of the number of vehicles, traffic in London was moving at the same speed that it had moved at a hundred years before, when people travelled in horse-drawn carriages: just 16 km/h. To improve journey times and the quality of London's air, a daily charge of £5 was introduced in 2003 for all vehicles being driven in the city. Not only did the number of cars on the roads immediately drop by 15%, but also the number of people cycling increased by 49%, so people benefitted from cleaner air and more exercise. In the last decade, the number of vehicles in central London has fallen by a further 30% and plans to reduce the number of parking spaces for cars will probably cause it to drop again.

Tạm dịch

LÀM CHO LONDON KHỎE MẠNH HƠN

Là thủ đô của quốc gia nơi Cách mạng Công nghiệp bắt đầu, London đã phải chịu đựng nặng nề do ảnh hưởng của ô nhiễm. Tuy nhiên, những nỗ lực gần đây nhằm làm cho thành phố sạch hơn đang biến nó thành một trong những thành phố lớn ít ô nhiễm nhất thế giới.

A. MỘT CON SÔNG ĐẦY SỰ SỐNG

Trong nhiều năm, sông Thames là mối nguy hiểm cho sức khỏe vì ô nhiễm và vào năm 1957, nó được tuyên bố là đã chết về mặt sinh học. Nửa thế kỷ sau, sông Thames đã giành được giải thưởng quốc tế về những dòng sông được phục hồi. Hiện có hàng trăm loại động vật và chim khác nhau kiếm ăn trên bờ sông, hơn 125 loài cá khác nhau bơi dưới bề mặt của nó, thậm chí cả hải cẩu và cá heo đã bơi lên sông từ bờ biển để thăm trung tâm thành phố.

B. KHÓI TỐT

Kể từ khi bắt đầu Cách mạng Công nghiệp, người dân London đã quen với việc bị ho và nhiễm trùng ngực do khói bụi, là sự kết hợp giữa khói và sương mù. Tuy nhiên, khi trận sương mù tháng 12 năm 1952 khiến 4.000 người thiệt mạng trong một tuần, chính phủ cuối cùng nhận ra rằng cần phải làm gì đó. Một loạt luật 'không khí sạch' đã được thông qua để tránh thảm kịch lặp lại, và kể từ đó chất lượng không khí ở London đã được cải thiện đáng kể, mặc dù vẫn còn rất nhiều việc phải làm.

C. TRẢ TIỀN LÁI XE

Vào đầu thiên niên kỷ mới, do số lượng phương tiện giao thông tăng lên nên giao thông ở London di chuyển với tốc độ tương tự như tốc độ một trăm năm trước, khi người ta di chuyển bằng xe ngựa: chỉ 16 km/h. Để cải thiện thời gian hành trình và chất lượng không khí của London, mức phí hàng ngày £5 đã được đưa ra vào năm 2003 đối với tất cả các phương tiện di chuyển trong thành phố. Không chỉ số lượng ô tô trên đường ngay lập tức giảm 15% mà số người đi xe đạp cũng tăng 49%, nhờ đó mọi người được hưởng lợi từ không khí sạch hơn và tập thể dục nhiều hơn. Trong thập kỷ qua, số lượng phương tiện ở trung tâm London đã giảm thêm 30% và kế hoạch giảm số lượng chỗ đậu xe ô tô có thể sẽ khiến con số này giảm trở lại.

 

2 Match questions (1-6) with paragraphs (A-C). You can match each paragraph with more than one question.

Which paragraph talks about...

(Nối các câu hỏi (1-6) với các đoạn văn (A-C). Bạn có thể nối mỗi đoạn văn với nhiều câu hỏi.

Đoạn văn nào nói về...)

1 future plans?

2 something coming back to life?

3 people dying?

4 an attempt to stop something from happening again?

5 charging people so that everyone's lives would be improved?

6 something that has received awards?

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 14 :

The fitness trends

A

Reformer Pilates is a much more intense form of Pilates. It involves doing the same sort of pushing and stretching exercises, but on equipment resembling a rowing machine. It isn't the kind of thing you'd have at home, so you have to go to a special Pilates centre to try it. If you do, bear in mind that you won't be able to walk up or down stairs for a few days afterwards. At first, it looks quite easy, but towards the end of the session, your thighs will be crying out for mercy.

B

Jumping up and down on a trampoline is a lot of fun, but it can make a great workout too. You'd be surprised by how exhausted you are after only a few minutes bouncing. Not only is it better for the heart than running, but it also increases co-ordination and helps reduce stress levels. Trampolining is taking off in a big way, and some new centres have as many as 150 trampolines. You can either have a go at 'freejumping' - without an instructor or pay someone to teach you how to do it properly.

C

If you're usually quite active, but you're feeling down in the dumps, then you might like to try Dynamic Running Therapy - going out for a run with a therapist. The sessions are quite pricey as the therapists are professionals and they charge a bit more than the going rate. It's easier to do both activities when you're running and talking at the same time: you run further because you don't notice your sore feet, and you talk more freely than you would in the therapist's office.

Tạm dịch

Xu hướng tập thể dục

A

Pilates cải cách là một hình thức Pilates cường độ cao hơn nhiều. Nó bao gồm việc thực hiện các bài tập đẩy và giãn cơ tương tự nhưng trên thiết bị giống như máy chèo thuyền. Đó không phải là thứ bạn có ở nhà, vì vậy bạn phải đến một trung tâm Pilates đặc biệt để thử. Nếu vậy, hãy nhớ rằng bạn sẽ không thể đi lên hoặc xuống cầu thang trong vài ngày sau đó. Lúc đầu, nó có vẻ khá dễ dàng, nhưng càng về cuối buổi tập, bắp đùi của bạn sẽ kêu gào thảm thiết.

B

Nhảy lên nhảy xuống trên tấm bạt lò xo rất thú vị nhưng nó cũng có thể là một bài tập luyện tuyệt vời. Bạn sẽ ngạc nhiên vì mình kiệt sức chỉ sau vài phút nảy. Nó không chỉ tốt cho tim hơn so với chạy bộ mà còn làm tăng khả năng phối hợp và giúp giảm mức độ căng thẳng. Trò chơi bạt lò xo đang phát triển một cách rầm rộ và một số trung tâm mới có tới 150 tấm bạt lò xo. Bạn có thể thử 'nhảy tự do' - mà không cần người hướng dẫn hoặc trả tiền cho ai đó để dạy bạn cách thực hiện đúng cách.

C

Nếu bạn thường khá năng động nhưng lại cảm thấy chán nản, thì bạn có thể muốn thử Liệu pháp chạy năng động - ra ngoài chạy bộ với bác sĩ trị liệu. Các buổi trị liệu khá tốn kém vì các nhà trị liệu là những người chuyên nghiệp và họ tính phí cao hơn một chút so với mức giá thông thường. Sẽ dễ dàng hơn để thực hiện cả hai hoạt động khi bạn vừa chạy vừa nói chuyện: bạn chạy xa hơn vì không nhận thấy bàn chân đang đau và bạn nói chuyện thoải mái hơn so với khi ở văn phòng bác sĩ trị liệu.

 

Read the text and questions (1-6) below. Match the correct question with each part of the text (A-C). You can match each part with more than one question.

(Đọc đoạn văn và câu hỏi (1-6) bên dưới. Nối câu hỏi đúng với mỗi phần của văn bản (A-C). Bạn có thể ghép mỗi phần với nhiều câu hỏi.)

In which paragraph does the author mention an activity which...

(Trong đoạn văn nào tác giả đề cập đến một hoạt động...)

1 has become extremely popular recently?

2 requires you to do two things at once?

3 has made an existing form of exercise more extreme?

4 gives the wrong impression to the observer?

5 tires you out after a very short time?

6 can be particularly painful?

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Bài 15 :

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau và khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra câu trả lời đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi từ 31 đến 35.)

People may think that food choice is only important for keeping a healthy weight. However, the way we eat and the food choices we make every day also have a big impact on the environment.

Food production is a major contributor to climate change. The process of growing, manufacturing, and transporting food, especially meat and dairy products, involves the use of fossil fuels. We all know that burning fossil fuels releases a huge amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. All the ingredients for our meals require land, water, and energy to produce, so the food we choose can either increase or decrease our carbon footprint. In addition, transporting food over long distances can create more greenhouse gas emissions.

So what should we do? We should start by eating local and organic food. This can not only limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced during transportation, but can also help us avoid pesticides that are harmful to both humans and the environment. We should also choose a healthier diet with less animal-based food and more vegetables. Raising livestock for food requires huge amounts of water and grain, and can cause deforestation and pollution. Cows and sheep release methane as they digest plants and grass. Although it is shorter lived than carbon dioxide, methane is a lot more powerful than carbon dioxide at warming the Earth.

That is why we should try to eat less red meat and dairy products. Making responsible food choices will not only improve our health and well-being, but will also have a positive impact on the environment.

31. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. Food choices for a healthy diet

B. How food choices can affect the environment

C. The negative effects of eating red meat

D. The process of producing dairy products

32. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a contributor to the carbon footprint of our food?

A. Food production requires land, water, and energy.

B. Food production requires the use of fossil fuels.

C. Food transportation creates greenhouse gas emissions.

D. Food waste in landfills emits methane,

33. The word “manufacturing” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

 

A. inventing

B. producing

C. packing

D. processing

 

34. The word 'it' in paragraph 3 refers to _______.

 

A. methane

B. sheep

C. pollution

D. Earth

 

35. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?

A. Carbon emissions will be lower if we choose to eat local food.

B. A lot of water is used for raising animals.

C. Methane emitted from cows and sheep is the main cause of global warming.

D. Eating less red meat can be good for your health.

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Bài 16 :

2 Read the text and answer the questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1 What reasons are used to support an insect-based diet?

2 How are supporters of insects as food trying to persuade Americans to eat them?

THE INSECTS ARE COMING!

With an abundance of cheap food and a weakness for junk food, the dietary habits of many Americans (and people in other Western countries) have led to an obesity epidemic. As a result, a growing number of food experts are saying it's time to replace traditional dishes with more nutritious and also more economical and ecological dishes: dishes that contain insects.

If you put a plate of bugs (as insects are often called in the USA) in front of an American, they, like most Westerners, would probably refuse to eat them.

Insects are seen as pests that destroy food crops rather than delicacies to be eaten. 1 _____ The challenge for the promoters of insect-based meals is to make Americans see them in the same way.

During the 20th century, if you had visited a research department at an American food and agricultural university, you would have heard about how they were trying to reduce insect numbers due to the negative impact they have on crops and seeds. 2 _____ Furthermore, insect fairs such as the BugFest at the North Carolina Museum or The Great Insect Fair at Penn State University explain that grasshoppers, moths and their cousins are an excellent source of nutrients like protein, minerals and vitamins. The fairs also offer the more adventurous visitors 'bug banquets', which serve mouth-watering insect dishes.

Apart from the scientific community, a growing number of market stalls and restaurants are providing insect meals too. 3 _____ What is more, fans of insect-based cooking like Daniella Martin are spreading the word that bugs are good for you. Martin's blog Girl Meets Bug, her internet cooking videos and her newspaper columns are all contributing to changing Americans' perceptions of insects. 4 _____ While entomophagists (people who eat insects) agree they face an uphill struggle, with 70 million obese citizens and millions more who want to be environmentally friendly, it seems that this could be the right time for insects to invade America's kitchens.

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Bài 17 :

Reading Strategy

When you do a gapped sentence task, look for clues before and after each gap. For example, if a sentence starts with And or Furthermore, it probably introduces additional information.

Other words can be used for

• contrast: But, However

• consequences or conclusions: So, Therefore

(Chiến lược đọc

Khi bạn làm một câu có chỗ trống, hãy tìm manh mối trước và sau mỗi chỗ trống. Ví dụ: nếu một câu bắt đầu bằng Và hoặc Hơn nữa, nó có thể giới thiệu thông tin bổ sung.

Những từ khác có thể được dùng để

• tương phản: Nhưng, Tuy nhiên

• hậu quả hoặc kết luận: Vì vậy, Do đó)

3 Read the Reading Strategy. Then read the text again. Match sentences (A-E) with gaps (1-4). There is one extra sentence.

(Đọc Chiến lược đọc. Sau đó đọc lại văn bản. Nối câu (A-E) với khoảng trống (1-4). Có một câu bị thừa.)

A Today, 50% of the same universities promote insects as food.

B The popularity of Mexican food in the USA is also helping, as companies such as Don Bugito offer traditional Mexican insect dishes.

C Moreover, the amount of land needed to produce enough insects to feed the whole country is much smaller than the land needed to produce meat.

D But will it be enough?

E However, in parts of Asia, Africa and Central America, where there are plenty of big, juicy insects all year round, they are considered a delicious staple.

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Bài 18 :

Read the following advertisements and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Whole Foods is breaking down the basics of "adulting" with their free Home Ec 365 online curriculum. They're going to (20)______ things like mastering recipes, cleaning kitchens, minimizing food waste, and grocery shopping on a budget.

You can enroll in the classes free of (21)_______ on the Whole Foods site and read up about (22)______ each course aims to teach you. The first 2,500 people who sign up will also be able to redeem a coupon for free 365 brand products from Whole Foods.

(From Delish.com)

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Bài 19 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

If you want to firm up your body, head to the gym. If you want to exercise your brain, listen to music. There are few things that stimulate the brain the way music does. If you want to keep your brain engaged throughout the aging process, listening to or playing music is a great tool. It provides a total brain workout.

Research has shown that listening to music can reduce anxiety, blood pressure, and pain as well as improve sleep quality, mood, mental alertness, and memory. Still, experts are trying to understand how our brains can hear and play music. A stereo system puts out vibrations that travel through the air and somehow get inside the ear canal. These vibrations tickle the eardrum and are transmitted into an electrical signal that travels through the auditory nerve to the brain stem, where it is reassembled into something we perceive as music.

Experiments have been conducted to observe this strange yet fascinating phenomenon. Johns Hopkins researchers have had several jazz performers and rappers produce music while lying down inside an fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) machine to watch and see which areas of their brains light up. Kiminobu Sugaya and world-renowned violinist Ayako Yonetani have been teaching one of the most popular courses in The Burnett Honors College - “Music and the Brain”. The two explain how people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s also respond positively to music.

“Usually in the late stages, Alzheimer’s patients are unresponsive,” Sugaya says. “But once you put in the headphones that play their favourite music, their eyes light up. They start moving and sometimes singing. The effect lasts maybe 10 minutes or so even after you turn off the music.”

Music is structural, mathematical and architectural. It’s based on relationships between one note and the next. You may not be aware of it, but your brain has to do a lot of computing to make sense of it, and thus, benefit from it.

(Adapted from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/keep-your-brain-young-with-music )

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Bài 20 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Anya, a health enthusiast, and Ben, a food lover, had vastly different dietary habits. Despite their differing (1) ________, both seemed healthy. Anya's energy levels were high, and she rarely got sick. Ben, on the other hand, seemed to have a resilient metabolism. (2) ________, a nutritionist advised that neither diet was optimal for long-term health. Anya's diverse diet lacked variety, potentially leading to nutrient deficiencies. Ben's (3) __________ choices could increase his risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes.

 The nutritionist recommended a balanced diet (4) _________ include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. Regular physical activity was also emphasized. Anya and Ben adopted these recommendations, leading to improved health and well-being. Over time, they realized the importance of a balanced approach to nutrition and exercise.

(5) __________, who followed similar dietary patterns as Anya and Ben, also experienced positive health outcomes when they adopted a balanced approach. These individuals found that a (6) _______ of nutritious foods and regular physical activity were key to maintaining overall well-being.

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Bài 21 :

Mark the letter A, B, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Processed foods have become a significant part of modern diets, with an increasing number of people consuming them daily. (1) ___________. Many nutritionists agree that consuming too many processed foods can lead to various health problems, (2) ____________. In recent years, experts like Dr. Marion Nestle have highlighted the role of processed foods in the global rise of chronic diseases. As a result, more attention is being given to healthier food choices. In fact, (3) ________.

One of the main concerns about processed foods is their lack of essential nutrients. (4) ____________, processed foods often contain artificial additives and preservatives to enhance flavor and extend shelf life. Studies show that people who consume a diet high in processed foods may miss out on vital nutrients necessary for maintaining good health.

In response to these concerns, some countries have implemented measures to limit the consumption of highly processed foods. For example, (5) _________. What’s more, Chile has adopted warning labels for foods high in sugar, fat, and salt. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce the health risks associated with processed foods, these strategies aim to educate the public about the dangers of consuming too many processed foods and encourage healthier choices.

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Bài 22 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

While the Myers – Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a popular personality test, it has several drawbacks. First, the test can be overly simplistic. It puts people into one of 16 types, but real personalities are more complex. This can (1)____ to a narrow view of someone’s character. (2)____ issue is that the test lacks scientific backing. Researchers often criticize MBTI for not being reliable. (3) _______, a person might get different results if they take the test on different days. This inconsistency makes it hard to trust the results. Additionally, MBTI doesn’t (4)____ for changes over time. People can grow and change, but the test doesn’t reflect this. It’s like being stuck in a box that doesn’t fit anymore. Some people also feel pigeonholed by their MBTI type. They might believe they can only act in certain ways, which limits their potential. Instead of seeing the big picture, they focus too much on fitting their type. Lastly, MBTI can be expensive. Many detailed tests and reports cost money, which not everyone can (5)____. This makes it harder for people to access and benefit from the test. In a (6)____, while MBTI can be useful, it’s important to remember its limitations. Use it as a guide, but don’t let it dictate your life.

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Bài 23 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Aspirin is a widely used medicine that helps (1) _______ pain, fever, and inflammation. It belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug family, and it works by blocking certain chemicals in the body that cause inflammation. People often take aspirin for common aches and pains, such as headaches, toothaches, or muscle soreness. In addition to its (2)_______ properties, aspirin can also help lower fever.

One of the key uses of aspirin is in preventing heart attacks and strokes. It does this by thinning the blood, (3)_______ helps prevent blood clots from forming. Doctors often recommend a low dose of aspirin for people at risk of cardiovascular disease. However, not everyone should take aspirin regularly, (4)_______ it can lead to side effects like stomach irritation, ulcers, or even internal bleeding. People with certain health conditions or allergies should avoid aspirin altogether.

While aspirin has been around for over a century, it remains one of the most popular over-the-counter drugs. Still, it’s essential to use it responsibly, following the correct (5)_______ and consulting with a healthcare professional if necessary. By doing so, people can safely benefit from aspirin's many uses, whether for minor pains or more serious health (6)_______.

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Bài 24 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that bestfits each of the numbered blanks.

Viruses cause many human diseases, (1)  _________. On their own, viruses are not alive. They become active when they infect or enter our bodies. They can do that easily because they are very small. Then, they start to act like living things and make copies of themselves. (2)  _________. For example, a fever can make some viruses inactive. The body’s immune system also fights viruses.

Vaccines cannot treat diseases caused by viruses, (3)  _________. Vaccines contain viruses which are weakened or dead, and help the body’s immune system make substances called antibodies, which fight disease. (4)  _________, the immune system will recognise it and will know how to fight it off.

(5)  _________. For example, two million people died of smallpox in 1967. However, vaccines helped to stop this disease and made it disappear. Most recently, vaccines have played an important role in reducing deaths and severe illness caused by Covid-19 all over the world.

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Bài 25 :

Read the following advertisement and choose the best answer to fill in each numbered blank. 

Evening Yoga Class for Health and Wellness

Looking to improve your health, find peace, and stay (1) ______? Join our Evening Yoga Class (2) ______ exclusively for residents in our community. This class provides a refreshing way to end the day, helping you build strength, flexibility, and mental clarity. Held in a (3) ______ with everything you need, it’s the perfect setup for those who want (4) ______ into yoga without the hassle of going far. Others have already experienced the benefits - now it’s your chance! Yoga isn’t just a workout; it’s a lifestyle change worth pursuing at all costs. It brings calm, focus, and physical well-being. Ready to (5) ______ action and start your journey? Write an email (6) ______ Ms. Smith at smith@example.com for more details on joining. Together, let’s create a healthier, happier community, one pose at a time!

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Bài 26 :

Select the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the options that best complete the letter.

Hi Trevor,

I want to start tennis lessons at the sports club, but my mom says I need (1) __________ partner to go with me.

I was wondering (2) __________ learn to play tennis with me.

If we learn together, it will be cheaper to pay for lessons from the tennis coach. He advised me (3) __________ for one partner because it's a game for two people. We can also motivate each other to practice.
Tennis is a (4) __________ game, so it's a lot of fun to play. You'll also get really fit because you have to move nonstop. We can also invite some friends to play later. It'd be nice to (5) __________ and spend some time together.

I really hope you can join me. If you still have any questions, call or text me. I've found a couple of places (6) __________ you can rent rackets and shoes, so you don't have to worry about that.

Rick

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Bài 27 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

DISCOVER HEALTHY EATING

Want to eat better but don't know where to start? (1) ________ guides you with recipes, meal plans, and shopping lists that are easy to follow. (2) _________ you're hoping to lose weight, gain muscle, or just improve your overall well-being, we've got you covered. You can (3) _________ your meals based on your dietary preferences, and all our recipes (4) __________ natural, whole foods.

Start today and see how easy a few small changes can make a big difference.

Sign up for (5) _________and gain access to hundreds of healthy recipes.

Eating well has never been (6) ___________.

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Bài 28 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Getting fit and slim

You started the year in fine form, made a promise to yourself to get fit and slim, joined a gym and started a diet. But what happened to those gym visits and the lettuce diet? At least half of us who try to get fit and thinner give up after less than a month. Many people blame their failure on lack of time. Lack of willpower was highly important too.

Much of this is down to the way we set unrealistic fitness goals a flat stomach in eight weeks and a celebrity diet plan - instead of trying the boringly practical long-term fix of exercising a bit more and eating a bit less. Most fitness clubs get an influx of new members from January to March, but their use of the gym tends to decline after that. So how do you beat the temptation to give up? First, don't expect to fail as soon as you start - be positive, even if you've failed before. Many people are fooled into believing that they need to follow an expensive eating plan. This is simply not true. The answer is to soul-search for the thing that really interests and motivates you. It's fine to have small motivations, but you should write them down and put them together to make a list of things to keep you going.

You also need to change the way you think about things. Women feel particularly guilty about doing the three-hour-a-week exercise routine, thinking it 'selfish time that takes them away from responsibilities to family and friends. It is better to regard this as vital 'self-care time. People also think three hours is a lot of time out of their week, but we spend around 98 hours a week awake - and the other 95 we are just sitting around.

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Bài 29 :

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Take Care of Your Mind!

Mental health is just as important as physical health. (1) ______ your mental well-being can lead to a happier, more fulfilling life.

Facts and figures: According to the World Health Organization, 1 in 4 people will experience a mental health issue at (2) _______ points in their lives. Stress and anxiety are on the rise, especially among young adults.

Positive action!

• Engage in daily mindfulness exercises, such as meditation (3) _______ yoga, to help reduce stress (4)_______

• Make time for friends and family. Social (5) _______ are vital for maintaining mental health.

• Don't hesitate to (6) _______ to a mental health professional if you're feeling overwhelmed. It's okay to ask for support!

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Bài 30 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the numbered blanks.

Different perspectives on mental health and mental illness

There are various approaches to mental health and mental illness around the world. (1) ______ health professionals in the UK agree on a similar set of clinical diagnoses and treatments for mental health problems. We have chosen to reflect this approach in our information, as these are the terms and treatment models (2) ______ you are most likely to come across if you seek help in England or Wales.

However, not everyone finds it helpful to think about their mental health this way. (3) ______ on your traditions and beliefs you might have different ideas about how best to cope. In many cultures, emotional wellbeing is closely associated with religious or spiritual life. And your difficult experiences may be just one part of how you understand your identity overall.

We use the phrase 'mental health problems', as many people have told us this feels helpful for them.  (4) ______ you might be more familiar with terms such as 'poor emotional health', 'overloaded', 'burnt out' or 'overwhelmed'. Or you may feel that terms such as 'mental illness' or 'mental health issues' (5) ______ your experiences better, or are easier to explain to other people in your life.

(Source: mind.org.uk)

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