Đề bài

1. Read the following text. Put a tick (✓) if the animals in the table are classified as endangered and a cross (x) if they are not.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau. Đánh dấu (✓) nếu các động vật trong bảng được phân loại là có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và đánh dấu chéo (x) nếu không.)

THE IUCN RED LIST

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List divides species into seven levels of conservation: Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered, Critically Endangered, Extinct in the Wild, and Extinct. It uses a set of precise criteria to evaluate extinction risks and decides which species need protection. An endangered species is one that meets any of the following criteria:

Population reduction rate

A species is classified as endangered when its population has declined between 50 and 70 per cent. This decline is measured over 10 years or longer.

Geographic range

Geographic range describes the area where a species is found. If the area that a species lives on, known as its area of occupancy, is estimated to be less than 500 square kilometres, then the species is classified as endangered.

Population size

A species is classified as endangered when there are fewer than 2,500 mature individuals. When a species population declines by at least 20 per cent or two generations within five years, it is also classified as endangered.

Animals

Endangered or not

Siberian sturgeon

- Rate of population decline: between 50 and 80 per cent over the past 60 years

- Causes of decline: overfishing, poaching, and habitat loss

 

Ethiopian banana frog

- Location: in southern Ethiopia

- Area of occupancy: less than 2,000 square kilometres

 

Snaggletooth shark

- Location: in the tropical, coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans

- Area of occupancy: enormous, from southeast Africa to the Philippines and from China to Australia

 

Tahiti reed-warbler

- Location: only on the Pacific Island of Tahiti

- Population: fewer than 1,000 individuals

- Area of occupancy: around 420 square kilometres

 

Phương pháp giải

Tạm dịch:

DANH SÁCH ĐỎ IUCN

Danh sách đỏ của Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế (IUCN) chia các loài thành bảy cấp độ bảo tồn: Ít quan tâm nhất, Gần bị đe dọa, Dễ bị tổn thương, Có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng, Cực kỳ nguy cấp, Tuyệt chủng trong tự nhiên và Tuyệt chủng. Nó sử dụng một bộ tiêu chí chính xác để đánh giá nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và quyết định loài nào cần được bảo vệ. Loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng là loài đáp ứng một trong các tiêu chí sau:

Tỷ lệ dân số giảm

Một loài được coi là có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng khi quần thể của nó giảm từ 50 đến 70%. Sự suy giảm này được đo trong vòng 10 năm hoặc lâu hơn.

Phạm vi địa lý

Phạm vi địa lý mô tả khu vực nơi một loài được tìm thấy. Nếu khu vực mà một loài sinh sống, được gọi là khu vực sinh sống của nó, được ước tính nhỏ hơn 500 km2 thì loài đó được phân loại là có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

Quy mô dân số

Một loài được xếp vào loại nguy cấp khi có ít hơn 2.500 cá thể trưởng thành. Khi một quần thể loài giảm ít nhất 20% hoặc giảm hai thế hệ trong vòng 5 năm, nó cũng được xếp vào loại có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

Lời giải của GV Loigiaihay.com

Animals

(Động vật)

Endangered or not

(Có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng hay không)

Siberian sturgeon

(Cá tầm Siberia)

- Rate of population decline: between 50 and 80 per cent over the past 60 years

(Tỷ lệ giảm dân số: từ 50 đến 80% trong 60 năm qua)

- Causes of decline: overfishing, poaching, and habitat loss

(Nguyên nhân suy giảm: đánh bắt quá mức, săn bắt và mất môi trường sống)

✓

Ethiopian banana frog

(Ếch chuối Ethiopia)

- Location: in southern Ethiopia

(Vị trí: ở miền nam Ethiopia)

- Area of occupancy: less than 2,000 square kilometres

(Diện tích sử dụng: dưới 2.000 km2)

x

Snaggletooth shark

(Cá mập răng khểnh)

- Location: in the tropical, coastal waters of the Indian and Pacific Oceans

(Vị trí: ở vùng biển nhiệt đới, ven biển Ấn Độ Dương và Thái Bình Dương)

- Area of occupancy: enormous, from southeast Africa to the Philippines and from China to Australia

(Diện tích chiếm chỗ: rất lớn, từ Đông Nam Châu Phi đến Philippines và từ Trung Quốc đến Úc)

x

Tahiti reed-warbler

(Chích sậy Tahiti)

- Location: only on the Pacific Island of Tahiti

(Vị trí: chỉ có trên đảo Tahiti ở Thái Bình Dương)

- Population: fewer than 1,000 individuals

(Dân số: dưới 1.000 cá thể)

- Area of occupancy: around 420 square kilometres

(Diện tích sử dụng: khoảng 420 km2)

✓

Giải thích:

1. Tỷ lệ giảm dân số: 50-80% trong 60 năm đạt tiêu chí “Tỷ lệ giảm dân số” => Có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

2. Diện tích sử dụng: dưới 2.000 km2 không đáp ứng tiêu chí “Phạm vi địa lý” => Không có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

3. Phạm vi địa lý rộng => Không có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

4. Dân số dưới 1.000 cá thể và diện tích 420 km2 đáp ứng các tiêu chí “Quy mô dân số” và “Phạm vi địa lý” => Có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng.

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Các bài tập cùng chuyên đề

Bài 1 :

No more polar bear?

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Animals are suffering a lot because of global warming. Polar bears are suffering more than most animals. This is because polar bears live in the North Pole. In the North Pole, global warming is making ice melt. Polar bears hunt from large pieces of floating ice. They jump off the ice and hunt for food. Polar bears have to swim and find these floating pieces of ice. These days, they have to swim farther to find the floating ice. Many of them don’t have enough energy. They get too tired, and they die in the water.

Polar bears are suffering because of other problems, too. Pollution makes their water dirty. Many countries go to the North Pole to look for oil and gas, and they damage the environment of the bears. In addition, when ships sail through the North Pole, they cause a lot of damage. Finally, people hunt and kill too many polar bears. However, melting ice is definitely the biggest problem.

Right now, there are about 25,000 polar bears in the world. If global warming continues, there may be only about 12,000 in the year 2050. By the year 2080, that number might be much smaller.

It is important to study polar bears. When we learn about polar bears, we also learn about the health of the North Pole. If polar bears are doing well, then the environment in the North Pole is probably healthy. If polar bears are suffering then there are probably serious problems in the North Pole.

Right now, governments around the world are working to help polar bears. There are new laws that protect polar bears. However, if global warming continues to get worse, polar bears may disappear forever.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 2 :

Hunting down the truth about killer whales

Hearing that killer whales are in the area is sure to strike fear in the heart of anyone at sea. The thought of coming across a creature with a menacing name like that is a surefire sign you are on a path to destruction. As it turns out, killer whales, orcas, are actually highly sophisticated creatures that are usually harmless to humans.

The title “killer whale” may actually be a mistranslation of the Spanish term “ballena asesina”, which means assassin whale. Orcas were nicknamed this due to their well-coordinated attacks on marine life, not for the danger they pose to humans. At nearly five to seven metres in length and a weight of over six tons, orcas are one of the largest creatures on the Earth. There are about 50,000 orcas worldwide that are spread out in several oceans. Orcas are classified as an Apex predator, which means no other creature hunt them for food.

Scientists believe that there are between three to five different types of orca and they are all quite distinctive. The most frequently seen of these are Residents. They live in close-knit family units called pods, which can contain over 50 members, and their diet consists mainly of fish. Transient whales, however, prefer to travel in smaller groups of two to six whales. Meanwhile, Offshore whales were only recently discovered in 1988. They prefer to swim farther away from land than the others and several pods may come together to form groups as large as 200 whales. Although these orca groups may seem similar to the naked eye, they are extremely different in many ways, and scientists believe they haven’t interbred in thousands of years. Researchers also acknowledge that their knowledge of orcas is limited, and even more groups may exist.

Male orcas have an average lifespan of about 30 years, while the average age for females is 50. However, there have been cases of females living up to 90 years. Yet when kept in captivity at marine entertainment parks, their life expectancies drop dramatically. In fact, it seems that the biggest threat to orcas these days is humans. Between the practices of hunting orcas, polluting their environments, and capturing them for entertainment purposes, we are making it very difficult for them to survive. Perhaps the killer whales aren’t the real killer after all.

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Bài 3 :

Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they have been (1) ____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (2) ____ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (3) ____ plants. The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) ____ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) ____. Since 1990, (6) ____ a result of their “Plant Extinction Prevention Program‟, sixteen species have been brought into (7) ____ and three species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8) ____ plants in the wild.

In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) ____ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10) ____.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 4 :

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) ____ governmental organization for the (2) ____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) ____ as a charitable trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson. It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) ____ worldwide, working in more (5) ____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary, (7) ____ by private individuals and businesses.

The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) ____ of our environment". Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (9) ____ endangered species, pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 5 :

Đề thi THPT QG 2021 - mã đề 401

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions .

Today, text-messaging has probably become young people's most common form of communication. Some teachers think that because of this, young people are not writing correctly at school. They fear that once students get used to it, they will find it hard to switch back to using correct grammar and spelling. How did things begin this way?

It all began with e-mail, online chat rooms, and games. Then step by step young people made sentences, phrases and words shorter. As text messaging continued to become popular, people invented more and more words. Today, it is like a real language with its own grammar and vocabulary. The growth of text-messaging has raised an important question: As students become fluent in text-messaging, do their writing skills suffer?

People have different ideas about the effects of text-messaging on students' writing skills. Some say that students are losing the ability to write long, correct sentences. Others say that text-messaging is having a good effect on the language students use in their schoolwork. It shows that they are creative and good at expressing themselves. And if students can keep the two systems separate - one for text-messaging and one for school - this will help students appreciate reading and writing more.

Some people suggest that one way to reduce the bad effects of text-messaging is to find ways to use technology as a positive learning tool. For example, students can be allowed to type their assignments in a cell phone message and send them to their teachers, but they must type correctly. In this way, students are using the technology that they are familiar with to communicate in a form of language suitable for schoolwork. It shows students that text-messaging is fine for social communication, but correct grammar and spelling are necessary for communication in school.

(Adapted from Strategic Reading by Richards and Eckstut-Didier)

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 6 :

At a rescue centre

(Tại một trung tâm cứu hộ)

1. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)


Ms Smith: Welcome to the Endangered Primate Rescue Centre! If you have any questions during the tour, don't hesitate to ask me.

Mark: I've just seen a monkey in the enclosure. So are primates just monkeys, Ms Smith?

Ms Smith: No, primates are a group of mammals that includes not just monkeys, but also humans and apes.

Mark: What's the difference between apes and monkeys?

Ms Smith: Well, apes don't have tails and are larger than monkeys. Their brains are also larger. They're as good at using tools as they're at learning sign language.

Mai: So how many primates live here?

Ms Smith: The centre is home to more than 170 primates representing 14 species. They're housed in large enclosures.

Mark: I can hear some sounds. Is someone singing?

Ms Smith: We're close to the gibbons' enclosure, and the male and female gibbons are singing. Gibbons are the smallest of the apes, and all seven species are regarded as threatened. In fact, five of them are listed as critically endangered.

Mai: What is the main threat to gibbons?

Ms Smith: It's habitat loss due to deforestation and illegal hunting. Poachers make a big profit out of selling gibbons as pets and for making traditional medicine and food.

Mai: So we can help gibbons if we stop keeping them as pets.

Ms Smith: That's right. Now let me show you Derek, the gibbon we rescued last week. He was locked in a cage for two years as an illegal pet.

Mai: Oh no, he's so thin.

Ms Smith: Yes. Gibbons can become ill or weak unless they're fed the right type of food. After examining Derek, our veterinarian also found head injuries. So we'll give him a suitable diet and monitor him for several weeks before we release him into the national park.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 7 :

2. Read the conversation again and decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).

(Đọc lại đoạn hội thoại và quyết định xem các câu phát biểu là đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

 

T

F

1. Humans belong to the same group of mammals as apes and monkeys.

 

 

2. Apes can learn sign language but can't use tools.

 

 

3. Gibbons are endangered because they are the smallest of the apes.

 

 

4. Derek's owner kept him in a cage and gave him the wrong type of food.

 

 
Xem lời giải >>

Bài 8 :

3. Match the words and phrases with their meanings.

(Ghép các từ/cụm từ với nghĩa của chúng.)

1. threatened species

a. to watch and check something carefully over a period of time

2. critically endangered species

b. plants and animals that are in danger of disappearing

3. monitor

c. to let someone go free after having kept them somewhere

4. release

d. plants and animals that are likely to become endangered in the near future
Xem lời giải >>

Bài 9 :

4. Complete the following sentences using the information from 1.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng thông tin từ bài 1.)

1. _____, don't hesitate to ask.

2. Apes are as good at using tools _____.

3. We can help gibbons _____.

4. _____ unless they're fed the right type of food.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 10 :

2. Read the news items and choose the most suitable headline for each one. There are TWO extra headlines.

(Đọc các mục tin tức và chọn tiêu đề phù hợp nhất cho mỗi mục. Có HAI tiêu đề bị thừa.)

A. Plans to help coral reefs recover

(Các kế hoạch giúp rạn san hô phục hồi)

B. Sea turtle protection efforts supported by hundreds of volunteers

(Nỗ lực bảo vệ rùa biển được hỗ trợ bởi hàng trăm tình nguyện viên)

C. The effect of diving activities on coral reefs

(Tác dụng của hoạt động lặn tới rạn san hô)

D. Wildlife art exhibition to raise public awareness and funds

(Triển lãm nghệ thuật về động vật hoang dã nhằm nâng cao nhận thức cộng đồng và gây quỹ)

E. Young wildlife artists to hold exhibition of vulnerable species

(Các nghệ sĩ trẻ về động vật hoang dã tổ chức triển lãm về các loài dễ bị tổn thương)

WILDLIFE CONSERVATION NEWS

1. _______

More than 600 volunteers participated in sea turtle conservation activities held on Con Dao Island last week. Volunteers made sure that their spawning ground is safe. They also rescued turtle eggs and buried them in the sand. Sea turtles are threatened with extinction worldwide, and their populations have decreased dramatically in many places. That is why sea turtle conservation programmes are organised annually around the world. They attract many volunteers and help raise public awareness about the threats to sea turtle species.

2. _______

Local authorities are taking measures to restore the coral reef ecosystem in Nha Trang Bay. They will organise regular clean-ups of the seabed and removal of marine debris. Diving clubs will also help by having their professional divers collect broken pieces of coral, re-grow them in underwater nurseries, and then re-attach them to reefs. Coral cover is expected to increase, which will help restore natural habitats and promote marine biodiversity in the bay. In addition, the bay's management board will also monitor the number of swimmers and divers to avoid putting too much stress on the ecosystem.

3. _______

An exhibition entitled 'Paint for wildlife' will be held in Ha Noi next week. It will include more than 30 paintings by secondary school students across the country. Visitors will also have the opportunity to meet the young artists and discuss the stories behind their beautiful paintings. All of them will be on sale to raise money for the protection of endangered and vulnerable species. The event organisers hope to raise public awareness of wildlife conservation through art and contribute to efforts to save rare and endangered animals.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 11 :

4. Read the news items again and choose the correct answer.

(Đọc lại các tin tức và chọn câu trả lời đúng.)

1. Where is the sea turtle spawning ground?

A. Con Dao Island

B. Ha Noi

C. Khanh Hoa

D. Nha Trang

2. Which of the following is NOT true about sea turtles?

A. Volunteers help sea turtles by burying them in the sand.

B. Their populations have gone down significantly.

C. They receive help from volunteers every year.

D. They are facing extinction all over the world.

3. Why did the management board of Nha Trang Bay have to monitor the number of divers and swimmers there?

A. To train more professional divers.

B. To restore the coral system.

C. To avoid putting pressure on the system.

D. To promote the natural habitat of the bay.

4. How many paintings will be on display in the wildlife exhibition?

A. Around 600.

B. Around 300.

C. Around 25.

D. Around 30.

5. What will happen to the paintings at the exhibition?

A. They will be donated to visitors.

B. They will be sold to raise money for  wildlife conservation.

C. They will be shown in public places.

D. They will be given to different schools.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 12 :

1 Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau và khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra câu trả lời đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi.)

No more kangaroo skins!

Nike, one of the world's largest sportswear companies, has announced that it will no longer use kangaroo leather in the production of its shoes starting in 2023. This decision is a significant step towards wildlife protection, particularly in Australia, where millions of kangaroos are killed every year.

The use of kangaroo skin in athletic shoes has always caused a lot of anger among environmental groups due to the cruel practices involved in the commercial killing of kangaroos. Many have called for a ban on the use of kangaroo leather in products, and Nike's announcement is a step towards that goal.

Nike will instead produce a new version of its popular football boots made from a new synthetic material that provides better performance. The company's decision to replace kangaroo leather with a synthetic material is also in line with the growing trend among luxury brands to ban the use of kangaroo skin in their products. Other major brands such as Puma, Versace, and Prada have already taken similar steps.

While Nike's decision has been widely applauded, there are concerns about the impact on the commercial kangaroo industry in Australia. Its supporters believe that banning the use of kangaroo leather in products would have negative economic impacts on the industry, despite the environmental benefits. The commercial killing of kangaroos is legal in Australia and kangaroo products are also considered by some to be a sustainable option, as their carbon footprint is believed to be a lot lower than that of cattle and sheep.

Nike's decision to stop using kangaroo leather in its products is a positive step towards wildlife protection. However, it is also important to consider its impact on the commercial kangaroo industry and the need for sustainable and humane management of kangaroo populations.

1. What is the main focus of the passage?

A. The disagreements surrounding the use of kangaroo leather in athletic shoes.

B. Nike's decision to stop using kangaroo leather in its products.

C. The commercial kangaroo industry in Australia and its impact on wildlife.

D. The need for sustainable and ethical practices in the fashion industry.

2. The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to

A. Nike

B. sport

C. one

D. Kangaroo leather

3. The word “synthetic” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. natural

B. biodegradable

C. artificial

D. organic

4. The word “applauded” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A. criticised

B. neglected

C. disagreed

D. praised

5. According to the passage, why has the use of kangaroo leather in athletic shoes caused anger among environmental groups?

A. Because it is an expensive material that not many people can afford.

B. Because kangaroos are a rare and endangered animal species.

C. Because the commercial killing of kangaroos is considered cruel.

D. Because it has a negative impact on the environment.

6. What new material is Nike planning to use in place of kangaroo leather in their football boots?

A. A new type of leather that is more sustainable than kangaroo leather.

B. A synthetic material that ensures better performance than kangaroo leather.

C. A type of fabric made from recycled football boots.

D. No information is given.

7. What can we infer about the writer's attitude towards Nike's decision to stop using kangaroo leather in its products?

A. The writer supports Nike's decision.

B. The writer opposes Nike's decision.

C. The writer is neutral towards Nike's decision.

D. It can't be inferred from the passage.

8. Which of the opinions about the commercial killing of kangaroos is NOT expressed in the passage?

A. Farming kangaroos instead of cattle and sheep will be better for the environment.

B. Bans on using kangaroo skin will be bad for the commercial kangaroo industry.

C. Kangaroo products are considered by some as a sustainable option.

D. The commercial kangaroo industry manages the kangaroo populations in a humane way.

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 13 :

2 Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau và khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra từ đúng phù hợp nhất với mỗi chỗ trống được đánh số.)

Protecting the red-crown crane

The red-crowned crane, which is native to East Asia, is considered one of the most (1) ________ crane species in the world. (2) ________, the birds have faced many challenges in recent years. One of the biggest threats to their survival is habitat loss. As human populations continue to grow, the crane's habitats are being (3) ________.

Fortunately, conservation efforts are underway to protect this magnificent bird. Many organisations are working to (4) ________ wetlands and other habitats that are essential to protect the cranes for the species' survival. Additionally, programmes are in (5) ________ to protect the cranes from hunters and to stop the illegal trade in cranes and their body parts. As a top predator, the crane helps to control populations of small animals and insects. The crane also serves (6) ________ an indicator species, which means that changes in their populations can signal larger problems in the environment. Therefore, it is important for us to (7) ________ action to protect endangered species like the red-crowned crane. This can include supporting conservation efforts through donations or volunteering, as well as making changes in our own lives to reduce our impact (8) ________ the environment.

1. A. dangerous

B. endangered

C. danger

D. endanger

2. A. So

B. Moreover

C. Although

D. However

3. A. destroyed

B. destroying

C. destroy

D. built

4. A degrade

B. reserve

C. preserve

D. deserve

5. A place

B. aim

C. purpose

D. effort

6. A. like

B. as

C. of

D. for

7. A. get

B. do

C. make

D. take

8. A to

B. in

C. on

D. for

Xem lời giải >>

Bài 14 :

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau và khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra từ hoặc cụm từ đúng phù hợp nhất với mỗi chỗ trống được đánh số từ 26 đến 30.)

The kiwi

The kiwi is a fascinating and special bird, which cannot fly, unlike most other bird species. Native to New Zealand, it is also a(n) (26) __________ species. It is estimated that there were once millions of kiwis in the country. However, there has been a rapid decrease in their population with (27) __________ 70.000 left in the wild today. Historically, the decline was the result of the birds being hunted for meat, skins, and feathers. There are still two other threats to their survival: (28) __________ loss and predators. Deforestation has considerably reduced areas of natural forests. Many of them have been converted into farmland or towns (29) __________ economic purposes. This has reduced the kiwi's natural habitat and pushed them into areas (30) __________ they are more vulnerable to predators such as dogs and wild cats. These predators often eat kiwi eggs or attack young kiwis. That is why New Zealand has launched a plan to save their national bird from extinction.

26. A. dangerous

B. endangered

C. advanced

D. illegal

27. A. the few

B. more than

C. fewer than

D. numbers of

28. A. living

B. reserve

C. habitat

D. lifestyle

29. A. from

B. of

C. on

D. for

30. A. where

B. which

C. that

D. when

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Bài 15 :

Read the following passage and circle the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42.

(Đọc đoạn văn sau và khoanh tròn chữ cái A, B, C hoặc D để chỉ ra câu trả lời đúng cho mỗi câu hỏi từ 36 đến 42.)

Biodiversity on our planet is rapidly declining mainly due to human activities such as climate change and pollution. That is why governments and organisations have taken measures to protect wildlife and stop biodiversity loss. The emergence of artificial intelligence has dramatically changed wildlife protection. Conservationists are now turning to AI to find solutions to the rapid loss of plants and animals.

One of the biggest threats to endangered species is poaching for commercial purposes. Therefore, it is essential to stop this illegal activity in forests and nature reserves. However, rangers, whose job is to take care of such large areas, find it hard to monitor wildlife and prevent poaching. That is why many national parks are using AI cameras to track both animals and poachers. Furthermore, the cameras can send real-time updates to rangers' phones and alert them to any illegal activities within minutes. The cutting-edge technology is even effective at night when poachers operate under cover of darkness. The AI cameras are designed to automatically notice any illegal cars or boats entering forests or other protected areas.

Another factor responsible for the decline in biodiversity is habitat loss. When natural habitats or environmental conditions change, it's nearly impossible for scientists to identify the changes until they discover strong evidence. For example, some countries have faced increasing pressure from climate change and economic growth, and have lost a huge amount of surface water. However, the situation has only been discovered with the help of artificial intelligence. Without AI, scientists could not have identified and analysed the changes nationwide. AI has played an important role in collecting data and analysing the factors affecting wildlife, thus helping governments and organisations respond to critical situations in the quickest way possible.

36. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A. The causes of biodiversity loss

B. The benefits and drawbacks of AI

C. The rapid spread of AI in wildlife

D. The application of AI in wildlife conservation

37. The word “emergence” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______

A. floating

B. appearance

C. attention

D. method

38. Which of the benefits of using AI in wildlife conservation is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2?

A. Tracking both animals and poachers.

B. Counting endangered animals.

C. Alerting rangers to any illegal activities.

D. Identifying moving objects in the areas.

39. The word “cutting-edge” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_______

A. advanced

B. reliable

C. expensive

D. suitable

40. The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to _______

A. changes

B. natural habitats

C. animals

D. scientists

41. Which of the following is true about AI in tracking environmental changes?

A. AI provides information about causes of wildlife loss.

B. AI identifies the places where endangered species live.

C. AI improves environmental conditions.

D. AI removes the factors affecting wildlife.

42. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A. AI can provide all the solutions to the current issues.

B. Protecting the future of species depends on AI.

C. AI is an emerging technology in conservation that will be used a lot more in the future.

D. It's impossible for scientists to conduct wildlife research without AI.

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Bài 16 :

Read the following news brief and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Good news for mountain gorillas

Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda is the last stronghold for the (1) ________ endangered mountain gorilla. Once standing on the (2) _________ of extinction due to rampant poaching, deforestation, and disease, the mountain gorilla population has been steadily recovering, (3) _________ intensive conservation efforts. Community-based ecotourism has played a vital role in the species' resurgence, with funds (4) ________ from gorilla trekking tours being used to protect their habitats and support local communities.

Through these efforts, the population of mountain gorillas, which (5) _________ well below 500 at the last count, has grown to over 1,000 individuals across Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The success of this initiative serves as a powerful example of how conservation and sustainable tourism (6) _______ coexist and benefit both wildlife and people.

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Bài 17 :

Read the following passage about climate change and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

[I] Climate change is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, affecting ecosystems, biodiversity, and human communities across the globe. [II] Scientists warn that unless greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced, the Earth's climate may experience irreversible damage. [III] The consequences of climate change are widespread, impacting weather patterns, agricultural productivity, and health conditions

worldwide. [IV]

One of the primary causes of climate change is the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, which releases large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. This gas traps heat, leading to a rise in global temperatures, a phenomenon known as global warming. Another major contributor is deforestation, as trees play a critical role in absorbing CO2. When forests are destroyed, that CO2 is released, adding to the atmosphere's greenhouse effect.

The impacts of climate change are already evident in various forms. Rising sea levels are causing coastal erosion and increasing the frequency of flooding, which endangers millions living in low-lying areas. Additionally, extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves are becoming more common and severe. These events not only damage infrastructure but also pose serious risks to human health and food security.

Addressing climate change requires a collaborative, global response. Many governments have joined international agreements, like the Paris Agreement, aiming to limit global temperature rise and reduce emissions. However, it is crucial for individuals and businesses to also play a part by reducing their carbon footprint through actions such as conserving energy, reducing waste, and supporting renewable energy sources.

(Adapted from "Climate and Human Impact")

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Bài 18 :

Read the following advertisement and choose the best answer to complete it.

Save the Earth, One Step at a Time!

Let’s explore what we can do in our daily lives to help protect the environment.

Key Facts:

Every year, over 8 million tonnes of plastic enter our oceans, threatening (1) _______ life and ecosystems.

Transport is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, especially air travel, (2) _______ can account for up to 10% of your yearly carbon footprint.

What You Can Do:

Eat Sustainably: Choose a (3) _______ diet when possible. Reducing meat and dairy consumption not only cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions but also helps prevent deforestation for animal feed (4) _______.

Reduce Waste: Avoid single-use plastics. (5) _______ for reusable bags, containers, and water bottles. Every time you recycle, you prevent more plastic waste from ending up in landfills or oceans.

Travel Responsibly: Whenever possible, walk or bike short distances. If traveling longer distances, (6) _______ public transport or trains instead of flights to save a large amount of carbon emissions.

(Adapted from WWF, Global Stewards)

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Bài 19 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Ecotourism

The primary aim of ecotourism is to educate the traveller and bring him or her closer to nature. Participants are given the chance to visit parts of the world (1) ______ are untouched by human intervention and to engage in conservation work and various other kinds of environmental projects.

Visitors benefit by gaining an appreciation of natural habitats and an (2) ______ into the impact of human beings on the environment. Local communities gain financially but also in (3) ______ ways, since not only monuments but other buildings as well, such as bridges or windmills, are restored in order to attract more visitors.

(4) ______, there are also disadvantages to this type of tourism. There have been cases in which tourism has been allowed to develop with no control or limits. As a result, (5) ______ cultures have been affected or even threatened by foreign lifestyles. Many people today support that our approach to the development of ecotourism has to be reconsidered. It is essential that this type of tourism be environmentally, socially, and culturally friendly.

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Bài 20 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the questions.

For many years, scientists have been arguing about global warming. While they don't all agree about what this might mean for Planet Earth, many think it is going on – and that we can do something about it. We need a few more years to gather facts before anyone can say for sure. But people need to start now to do things to stop it.

There are many types of gases in our atmosphere. Some of them absorb the heat from the sun and control our climate. "Greenhouse gases" are those that hold the heat around the planet's surface. When we increase the level of these gases, we upset the balance. These extra gases trap even more heat.

Some scientists say global warming has already started to change the environment. The Earth's temperature has risen one degree Fahrenheit this century. Many scientists believe it could rise from two to eight degrees Fahrenheit in the next hundred years. This would be the fastest rise in 10,000 years.

Sea levels could rise. Ice sheets could melt and add to the water level. Many places near the coast would be in danger of flooding. If the climate change is too large and too fast, some plants and animals could really suffer. They could even die out. Weather could become more violent and extreme. In some places there would be more forest fires. But in other areas there would be more rain and snow, storms and floods.

(Adapted from nytimes.com/article/climate-change-global-warming-faq.html)

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Bài 21 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Helping Hands is a non-profit organisation that breeds, raises and trains capuchin monkeys to provide daily assistance to people living with spinal cord injuries. [I] Capuchin monkeys are native to Central and South America, but all the monkeys used by Helping Hands are born and raised in the United States. [II] Because they are intelligent, adaptable and sociable, they make perfect partners to humans, lending a hand and offering companionship. [III] In the same way as guide dogs provide eyes to the blind, Helping Hands monkeys provide hands to individuals with physical disabilities, more specifically, those who are quadriplegic. [IV]

The monkeys are specially bred at Southwick Zoo in Massachusetts. At the age of 5-10 years, they are taken into foster homes to get used to living side by side with humans. After this, they enter Monkey College in Boston when they are between 12 and 18 years old and embark on their training in earnest. During the training process, each monkey masters simple everyday activities such as helping with the use of telephones, opening a bottle and setting up a drink of water, scratching an itch, and picking up a dropped object.

Throughout their training, monkeys are encouraged to complete tasks and are rewarded with praise, affection and small treats. The trainers, who sit in wheelchairs for training purposes, never threaten to use physical force. Laser pointers and simple words are the main means of guiding monkeys to carry out their tasks.

Helping Hands is able to provide these specially-trained service animals and their lifetime support, including all their training, food and equipment, free of charge. This is only possible because of the generosity of donors and they ask people to help them by giving whatever they can afford. In 1998, Helping Hands launched an educational program to raise awareness among young people about spinal cord injuries, encouraging them to avoid risky behaviors and consider the challenges faced by those with disabilities.

(Adapted from Close-up)

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Bài 22 :

Read the following announcement and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

DISCOVER WILDLIFE CONSERVATION EXHIBITION!

Date: Saturday, March 15th

Time: 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM

Location: Wildlife Conservation Center, Ha Noi

Immerse yourself in the (1)_______ world of wildlife conservation at our upcoming exhibition! Explore captivating exhibits (2)_______ endangered species, their habitats, and conservation efforts.

Activities:

- Engage (3)_______ hands-on workshops led by conservationists, where you’ll learn about wildlife tracking, habitat restoration, and sustainable practices.

- Join informative presentations by renowned experts on topics like (4)_______ and marine conservation.

- (5)_______ memories with your favourite animals with our interactive wildlife photo booth.

- Enjoy delicious refreshments and browse eco-friendly products at our conservation marketplace.

Contact Information: For inquiries, email us at info@wildlifeexpo.com or call 023- 456-7899.

Come together with fellow wildlife enthusiasts to support conservation efforts and (6)_______  our planet’s precious biodiversity! Admission is free for all ages.

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Bài 23 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions. 

It is estimated that over 99 percent of all species that have ever existed on Earth are now extinct. [I] Extinction occurs when a species can no longer survive in a changing environment. [II] Causes vary but often include climate shifts, food shortages, and competition from better-adapted species. [III] Natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and asteroid impacts have also played a role in extinctions. [IV] In other words, when sudden changes make an environment uninhabitable, species may perish.

The fossil record shows that extinction has always been a part of Earth’s history. However, scientists have discovered that, at certain times, large numbers of species have disappeared simultaneously in events called mass extinctions. One of the most famous occurred 65 million years ago, leading to the extinction of dinosaurs and many other life forms. Scientists believe this was caused by an asteroid impact that triggered fires, dust clouds blocking sunlight, and drastic climate changes. Another major mass extinction happened around 225 million years ago, wiping out nearly 95 percent of all species. Mass extinctions can be worsened by the interdependence of species—when one disappears, others that rely on it may also struggle, leading to further extinctions.

An interesting observation is that extinctions over the past 250 million years seem to follow a cycle, occurring roughly every 26 million years. Some scientists suggest this pattern is linked to Earth’s orbit periodically intersecting with a cloud of comets, leading to impacts that cause extinction. However, this theory is speculative, as no solid evidence supports it. Other researchers propose that extinction is sometimes random, meaning species may survive or vanish by chance rather than their ability to adapt. This suggests that parts of evolutionary history may be shaped by unpredictable events.

While extinction is natural, human activities such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change have accelerated species loss. Unlike past extinctions caused by natural forces, the current biodiversity crisis is largely due to human actions. Scientists warn that without stronger conservation efforts, another mass extinction could occur, leading to irreversible ecosystem damage and the loss of countless species essential for ecological balance.

(Adapted from TOEFL reading)

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Bài 24 :

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C and D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Save the Earth, One Step at a Time!

Let's explore what we can do in our daily lives to help protect the environment.

Key Facts:

Every year, over 8 million tonnes of plastic enter our oceans, threatening (1)__________ life and ecosystems.

Transport is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, especially air travel, (2) _________ can account for up to 10% of your yearly carbon footprint.

What You Can Do:

1. Eat Sustainably: Choose a plant-based diet when possible. Reducing meat and dairy consumption not only (3) ________ on greenhouse gas emissions but also helps prevent deforestation for animal feed crops.

2. Reduce Waste: Avoid single-use plastics. Opt for reusable bags, containers, and water bottles. Every time you (4) __________ you prevent more plastic waste from ending up in landfills or oceans.

3. Travel Responsibly: Whenever possible, walk or bike short distances. If traveling longer distances, (5) __________ public transport or trains instead of flights to save a large (6) _________.

(Adapted from WWF, Global Stewards)

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Bài 25 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the fight against climate change. Solar and wind power, (1) _______, are two of the fastest-growing energy sources. Many countries have invested in these technologies to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Some nations try to harness sunlight and wind (2) _______. Advancements in technology have also made these energy sources more efficient and accessible.

One key advantage of renewable energy is that it does not produce carbon emissions during operation. (3) ______. Additionally, renewable energy ensures a stable electricity supply, as improving technologies enhance efficiency. Battery storage systems and smart grids help address power fluctuations, making renewable energy more reliable.

However, the transition is not without challenges. One major issue is the cost of infrastructure, whose development demands significant funding from governments. (4) ______. Despite these difficulties, experts agree that increasing investment in renewable energy will contribute significantly to a more sustainable future. Many governments have implemented policies to support the development of renewable energy, and these efforts are expected to continue in the coming years. (5) ______. As technology advances and costs drop, it will become more accessible, benefiting both the environment and the economy.

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Bài 26 :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

The loss of biodiversity on Earth is accelerating due to human-induced factors such as climate change and pollution. In response, both governments and conservation organizations are implementing various initiatives to protect wildlife and combat this alarming trend. Recently, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into conservation efforts has proven to be a game-changer, offering innovative solutions to mitigate the rapid decline of plant and animal species.

Illegal poaching remains one of the most significant threats to endangered species, particularly in forests and protected areas. Rangers, who are responsible for safeguarding these regions, often face immense challenges in monitoring vast landscapes. To support them, AI-powered cameras have been introduced in several national parks, enabling real-time tracking of wildlife and poachers. These advanced systems can detect illegal activities even in low-visibility conditions, such as at night, and send alerts to rangers within moments. Additionally, AI technology plays a critical role in identifying unauthorized vehicles or boats entering conservation zones.

Another major driver of biodiversity loss is the destruction of natural habitats. (I) Shifting environmental conditions often make it difficult for scientists to detect changes until substantial evidence emerges. (II) For example, in certain regions, the combined impact of economic development and climate change has drastically reduced water resources. (III) These issues have only come to light through the use of AI, which allows researchers to collect and analyze extensive data. (IV)

To effectively combat biodiversity loss, a multifaceted approach is necessary. Expanding the use of AI tools in wildlife protection can enhance monitoring and enforcement capabilities. Governments should also prioritize policies such as habitat restoration, stricter anti-poaching laws, and sustainable development practices. Public awareness campaigns can encourage community involvement, emphasizing the importance of preserving ecosystems. By leveraging advanced technologies and collective action, we can create a more sustainable future for all living organisms.

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Bài 27 :

Read the following passage about renewable energy and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, (1) ______. Because of their renewable nature and minimal environmental impact, these energy sources are sustainable and environmentally friendly, offering a viable alternative to fossil fuels. (2) ______.

Harnessing the potential of these technologies, (3) ______. One of the primary benefits of renewable energy is its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, (4) ______. By utilizing the energy from the sun and wind, countries can decrease their reliance on coal, oil, and natural gas, which are major contributors to global warming. Additionally, renewable energy projects can create jobs and stimulate economic growth, thus making them an attractive option for policymakers.

However, there are challenges to widespread adoption, including the initial cost of setting up renewable energy systems and the need for technological advancements to improve efficiency. (5) ______. Despite these obstacles, the future of renewable energy looks promising, with ongoing innovations and decreasing costs driving its growth.

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Bài 28 :

Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Green Living. How to Reduce Your Carbon Footprint

Let's take small steps together for a greener, healthier future!

Why Does Your Carbon Footprint Matter?

The impact of our carbon footprint on climate change is undeniable, but how we address it is (1) ________ matter. By making sustainable choices, we can help protect our planet. Reducing carbon emissions effectively (2) _________ immediate changes in our daily habits.

Easy Steps to Get Started.

Choose public (3) __________ over driving whenever possible. Cycling or walking are even better alternatives that reduce emissions and keep you healthy.

Conserve energy at home by turning off lights when they aren't needed. Unplug your devices (4) ___________ leaving them on standby. Even small actions like these can save a lot of power over time.

Whenever possible, (5) ___________ for plant-based meals, as they offer a wide variety of nutritious options. Supporting local farmers also helps lower the environmental cost of food (6) _________.

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Bài 29 :

Choose the best answer to fill in each numbered blank.

Explore Nature Like Never Before!

Our national parks offer a unique chance to connect with nature.

Important Information:

Every year, millions of visitors come to admire the breathtaking landscapes. However, not everyone understand-the impact of littering and the delicate balance of ecosystems. Parks are home to thousands of plant species and (1) ____________ animals. Throwing away plastic waste can harm animals that (2)_________ these habitats.

What You Can Do:

  • Carry your rubbish out with you and reduce the (3)_________ of waste left behind.
  • Use designated trails to minimize your impact. (4) _________ hiking off-trail, stick to paths that are cle armarked
  • Participate in park clean-up events to ensure the (5)_________ of these beautiful places for future generations.
  • Remember to respect wildlife and avoid feeding them human food, as it disturbs their natural (6)_________.

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Bài 30 :

Read the passage and choose the correct answer to each question.

Every summer, three billion birds of some 300 species-songbirds, waterbirds, and many others migrate from northern Africa to Europe and Asia. In the winter, they return to Africa's warmer shores. As they travel from one place to another, they navigate using the sun, the stars, smells, and land forms to help them find their way. Both large and small birds travel thousands of kilometers, often stopping at locations along the way to rest.

The birds migration is long and difficult, and some of the animals inevitably die during each trip. However, it is not this twice-a-year journey that poses the greatest risk to these animals. The main threat to the birds survival comes from human hunters. All over the Mediterranean, millions of migrating birds are killed for food, profit, and sport every year. As a result, bird populations are dropping all over the region. In nations along the Mediterranean, many migratory birds are illegally trapped or shot. In addition to traps, hunters also use electronic calls to catch birds. This tool, which a hunter can operate from a cell phone, mimics bird sounds and is very effective in attracting the animals so effective that in some countries, bird populations have plummetted.

Countries all over the Mediterranean are aware that bird populations are in danger, and many are working to address this problem. In the European Union, hunting migratory birds is illegal in some countries, while in others, it is strictly controlled - the birds can only be hunted at a certain time of year. This hasn't completely stopped bird poaching in Europe, but more nature-protection groups are making sure that laws are obeyed.

Across the Mediterranean, another group - Nature Conservation Egypt - is working to increase protection of its country's natural scenery and wildlife, including its migratory birds. As part of a current project, the organization is trying to promote activities such as eco-tourism along the coasts. Wildlife organizations around the Mediterranean are helping to bring about change. Hunting bans are working, says Martin Schneider-Jacoby, a bird specialist for the German organization EuroNatur. But there is still more to do. Conservationists hope to stop hunting and restore bird habitats all over the Mediterranean. If this can be done, the birds numbers will increase. There's a long way to go, Schneider-Jacoby says, but like an Oasis in the desert after a long journey, there is hope.

(Adapted from Reading Explorer by Nancy Douglas and David Bohlke)

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